Good correlation was found with Nachemson's data during many exercises, with the exception of the comparison of standing and sitting or of the various lying positions. Notwithstanding the limitations related to the single-subject design of this study, these differences may be explained by the different transducers used. It can be cautiously concluded that the intradiscal pressure during sitting may in fact be less than that in erect standing, that muscle activity increases pressure, that constantly changing position is important to promote flow of fluid (nutrition) to the disc, and that many of the physiotherapy methods studied are valid, but a number of them should be re-evaluated.
Loading of the spine is still not well understood. The most reliable results seemed to come from the intradiscal pressure measurements from studies by Nachemson, 1966. A new similar study by Wilke et al. (1999) complemented the present study and confirmed some of the earlier data, although it contradicted others. The new data did not confirm that the load on the spine is higher in sitting compared with standing and did not find distinct differences between positions in which subjects were lying down. The objective of this paper was to compare results from two independent in vivo studies (applying different methods) to provide information about spinal loading. In one of these studies (Wilke 1999), intradiscal pressure was measured in one volunteer in different postures and exercises, and in the other study (Rohlmann et al. 1994) the loads on an internal spinal fixation device (an implant for stabilising unstable spines) were determined in 10 patients. The absolute values of the results from both studies were normalized and compared for many body positions and dynamic exercises. The relative differences in intradiscal pressure and flexion bending moments in the fixators corresponded in most cases. Both studies showed slightly lower loads for sitting than for standing and comparatively low loads in all lying positions. High loads were measured for jogging, jumping on a trampoline and skipping. Differences between trends for intradiscal pressure and for flexion bending moments in the fixators were found when the load was predominantly carried by the anterior spinal column, as during flexion of the upper part of the body or when lifting and carrying weights. The combination of the results from these two methods may improve the understanding of the biomechanical behaviour of the lumbar spine and may be used to validate models and theories of spinal loading.
Samenvatting New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life [Spine 1999;24 (8):755-62] Onderzoeksontwerp. Wij hebben metingen verricht van de intradiscale druk bij een vrijwilliger tijdens het uitvoeren van diverse activiteiten die normaal voorkomen in het dagelijks leven, bij sportactiviteiten en tijdens therapie voor de wervelkolom.Doelstellingen. Het doel van dit onderzoek was het meten van de druk in de tussenwervelschijven om eerdere gegevens van Nachemson aan te vullen met dynamische en langetermijnmetingen voor een groot aantal activiteiten.Samenvatting achtergrondgegevens. Er bestaat nog steeds geen volledig inzicht in hoe de belasting van de wervelkolom precies plaatsvindt. De belangrijkste in vivo verkregen gegevens stammen nog af van de baanbrekende metingen van de intradiscale druk die in de jaren zestig van de vorige eeuw door Nachemson werden verricht. Sinds die tijd zijn er weinig gegevens bijgekomen die zijn bevindingen bevestigen of tegenspreken.Methoden. Onder steriele operationeel-chirurgische omstandigheden werd een drukomvormer met een diameter van 1,5 mm ingeplant in de nucleus pulposus van een niet-gedegenereerde discus L4-L5 van een mannelijke vrijwilliger van 45 jaar oud met een gewicht van 70 kg. De druk werd met een telemetrisch systeem gedurende een periode van ongeveer 24 uur vastgelegd: in diverse liggende houdingen; zithoudingen op een rechte stoel, in een leunstoel en op een Pezzibal (ergonomische zitbal); tijdens niezen, lachen, lopen, joggen, traplopen, tillen van gewichten en tijdens de hydratatiefase gedurende zeven uur slaap.Resultaten. Stimulus (2001) 20:95-96
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