No abstract

One of the reasons why poverty lines became popular at the turn of the century was their promise of a scientific technique that would dispense with moralising about poverty. We argue that a price paid in this quest has been an impoverishment of the richness of the notion of 'a decent life', the moral concept underlying poverty. I n addition, poverty lines have in practice been more to do with inequality at the bottom end of the income distribution than with poverty. The purpose of this article is to rehabilitate the measurement of poverty, and to make it credible. We set out our preferred method qfpoverty measurement, and illustrate it using data from the Australian Standard of Living Study. A feature of our approach is to distinguish clearly between issues of inequality and issues of poverty. Questions such as who is on the bottom of the income distribution, whether this .has changed over time, and how income levels ofthe worst off compare with the mean, are questions of inequality. As such, the answers tell us nothing at all about how the worst oflare actually living. To answer that question, we require direct measures of consumption and of social participation. These measures are not as simple, but they provide us with knowledge about poverty that poverty lines have promised, hut have not delivered in a credible fashion.* We wish to acknowledge the most helpful criticisms of earlier drafts of this article

No abstract

This study reviews the evidence that unemployment sets its victims on a downward trail, or cycle, that will permanently blight their lives. The evidence suggests that such a downard trail may occur, but it is by no means inevitable. The variations in national and historical experience suggest that the crucial factor lies in the kinds of opportunity offered the former unemployed in their later lives.