During the COVID-19 crisis, consumer behaviour and purchasing habits fundamentally changed. This paper examines the effect the COVID-19 crisis had on digital consumer behaviour and discusses factors affecting online shopping and the latest trends in ecommerce in the Czech Republic. Potential respondents were selected from different generational cohorts in two waves. Based on generation cohort theory (Igelhart,

Background: More than 50% of patients worldwide die in hospitals and end-of-life care is costly. We aimed to explore whether support from the palliative team can influence end-of-life costs. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective case–control study conducted at a Czech tertiary hospital. We explored the difference in daily hospital costs between patients who died with and without the support of the hospital palliative care team from January 2019 to April 2020. Big data from registries of routine visits were used for case–control matching. As secondary outcomes, we compared the groups over the duration of the terminal hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) days, intravenous antibiotics, magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography scans, oncological treatment in the last month of life, and documentation of the dying phase. Standard descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and differences between the case and control groups were tested using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for numerical data. Results: In total, 213 dyads were identified. The average daily costs were three times lower in the palliative group (4392.4 CZK per day = 171.3 EUR) than in the nonpalliative group (13992.8 CZK per day = 545.8 EUR), and the difference was probably associated with the shorter time spent in the ICU (16% vs. 33% of hospital days). Conclusions: We showed that the integration of the palliative care team in the dying phase can be cost saving. These data could support the implementation of hospital palliative care in developing countries.

Digitalization and the development of ecommerce in recent years have led to revolutionary changes in customer behavior. Online marketing is based on effective communication, and the communication specialist provides online products and services efficiently. E-commerce is a dynamic, rapidly changing market. The number of online transaction grows, and the payment card is the most widely used payment instrument. This paper aims to analyze digital trends and new payment methods and latest trends caused by new digital platforms development. Firstly, the paper presents digital trends and new payment models in the B2C e-commerce context. Secondly, the paper analyses various types of payments in the Czech Republic. Besides, a literature review and analysis of secondary data are based on data published on or before 1. February 2019. Analyzing the main determinants of the payment system in the selected period, we conclude that the empirical findings are consistent with the expectations. The analysis supports the hypothesis that the cash on delivery or online payment with customer´s payment card are still the most frequently used payment methods. The paper investigates online shopping in the period 2013-2018. Finally, the authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

The digitalisation of business processes, cultural backgrounds and consequences on behavioural differences make a direct impact on customer purchase behaviours across different markets. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of the economic situation in the selected countries regarding the e-commerce business. On the sample of the situation in the Czech Republic, the article presents the increasing potential of e-commerce and focuses not only on the statistics review but on the psychological aspects of online behaviour. Firstly, the paper presents a theoretical model for customer purchase behaviour and the development of the theory in correspondence with B2C e-commerce background. Secondly, this research analyses the main aspects of shopping behaviour in selected countries; the research shows the main characteristics of shopping and provides a better understanding of the impact of digitalisation. Finally, the paper confirmed the fact that the Czech e-commerce market is developed and has potential to grow nationally and internationally. The paper investigates online shopping for the period between 2010 – 2017. Finally, the authors discuss all the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

Background: More than 50% of patients worldwide die in hospitals. It is well known that end-of-life hospital care is costly.Our aims were to test whether the support of the palliative team can reduce end-of-life costs and to study the mechanisms of cost reduction.Methods: This was a one-centre descriptive retrospective case-control study. Big data from registries of routine visits were used for case-control matching. We included the expenses billed to the insurance company and added separately charged drugs and materials. We compared the groups over the duration of the terminal hospitalization, ICU days (ICU=intensive care unit), IV antibiotic use (IV=intravenous), MRI/CT scans (MRI/CR=magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography), oncologic treatment in the last month of life, and documentation of the dying phase.We searched for all in-hospital cases who died in the university hospital in Prague with the support of the hospital palliative team from January 2019 to April 2020 and matched them with similar controls. The controls were matched according to age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index and diagnosis recorded on the death certificate.Results: We identified 213 dyads. The average daily costs were three times lower in the palliative group (4,392.4 CZK per day=171.3 EUR) than in the non-palliative group (13,992.8 CZK per day=545.8 EUR), and the difference was caused by the shorter time spent in the ICU (16% vs 33% of hospital days). This was probably due to better documentation of the dying phase in the medical records.Conclusions: To date, there are sparse hospital data available on the economic aspects of end-of-life care. We showed that the integration of the palliative care team in the dying phase can be cost saving. The evidence that hospital palliative care can save a substantial amount of money can be used to support the integration of palliative care in hospitals in middle- and low-income countries. A multicentre study with the same design is planned in the future to increase the strength of the results.