BackgroundOver the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, previous studies have shown that the physical as well as the mental health of children and adolescents significantly deteriorated. Future anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associations with quality of life has not previously been examined in school children.MethodsAs part of a cross-sectional web-based survey at schools in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, two years after the outbreak of the pandemic, school children were asked about COVID-19-related future anxiety using the German epidemic-related Dark Future Scale for children (eDFS-K). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the self-reported KIDSCREEN-10. The eDFS-K was psychometrically analyzed (internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis) and thereafter examined as a predictor of HRQoL in a general linear regression model.ResultsA total of N = 840 8–18-year-old children and adolescents were included in the analysis. The eDFS-K demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.77), and the confirmatory factor analysis further supported the one-factor structure of the four-item scale with an acceptable model fit. Over 43% of students were found to have low HRQoL. In addition, 47% of the students sometimes to often reported COVID-19-related fears about the future. Children with COVID-19-related future anxiety had significantly lower HRQoL (B = – 0.94, p < 0.001). Other predictors of lower HRQoL were older age (B = – 0.63, p < 0.001), and female (B = – 3.12, p < 0.001) and diverse (B = – 6.82, p < 0.001) gender.ConclusionTwo years after the outbreak of the pandemic, school-aged children continue to exhibit low HRQoL, which is further exacerbated in the presence of COVID-19-related future anxiety. Intervention programs with an increased focus on mental health also addressing future anxiety should be provided.

Aims To examine whether inactive nurses are willing to return to nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the reasons for or against their decision and further, possibly relevant factors. Design Cross‐sectional online survey. Methods We developed a questionnaire, addressing registration, professional experiences, anticipations, and internal and external factors that might affect the decision of inactive nurses to return to nursing during the pandemic. Between 27 April and 15 June 2020, we recruited participants in Germany via social networks, organizations and institutions and asked them to forward the link to wherever other inactive nurses might be reached. Results Three hundred and thirty‐two participants (73% female) could be included in the analysis. The majority of the participants ( n = 262, 79%) were general nurses. The main reason for registering was ‘want to do my bit to manage the crisis’ ( n = 73, 22.8%). More than two thirds of the participants ( n = 230, 69%) were not or not yet registered. One hundred and twelve (49%) out of 220 participants, who gave reasons why they did not register, selected they ‘could not see a necessity at that time’. The few inactive nurses who were deployed reported a variety of experiences. Conclusions Different factors influence the nurses’ decision to register or not. A critical factor for their decision was previous experiences that had made them leave the job and prevented a return—even for a limited time in a special situation. Impact From the responses of the participants in this study, it can be deduced that: negative experiences made while working in nursing influence the willingness to volunteer for a deployment; only one‐third of the inactive nurses would be willing to return to the nursing profession to help manage the Corona pandemic; policymakers and nursing leaders should not rely on the availability of inactive nurses in a crisis.

Introduction: With the increased emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the impact on schools and preschools remains a matter of debate. To ensure that schools and preschools are kept open safely, the identification of factors influencing the extent of outbreaks is of importance.Aim: To monitor dynamics of COVID-19 infections in schools and preschools and identify factors influencing the extent of outbreaks.Methods: In this prospective observational study we analyzed routine surveillance data of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, from calendar week (CW) 32, 2020 to CW19, 2021 regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection events in schools and preschools considering changes in infection control measures over time. A multivariate linear regression model was fitted to evaluate factors influencing the number of students, teachers and staff tested positive following index cases in schools and preschools. Due to an existing multicollinearity in the common multivariate regression model between the variables “face mask obligation for children” and “face mask obligation for adults”, two further separate regression models were set up (Multivariate Model Adults and Multivariate Model Children).Results: We observed a significant increase in secondary cases in preschools in the first quarter of 2021 (CW8 to CW15, 2021), and simultaneously a decrease in secondary cases in schools. In multivariate regression analysis, the strongest predictor of the extent of the outbreaks was the teacher/ caregiver mask obligation (B = −1.9; 95% CI: −2.9 to −1.0; p < 0.001). Furthermore, adult index cases (adult only or child+adult combinations) increased the likelihood of secondary cases (B = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.8; p < 0.001). The face mask obligation for children also showed a significant reduction in the number of secondary cases (B = −0.6; 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.2; p = 0.004.Conclusion: The present study indicates that outbreak events at schools and preschools are effectively contained by an obligation for adults and children to wear face masks.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Da ältere Menschen ein erhöhtes Risiko für schwere und letale Verläufe einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion aufweisen, erfahren sie besondere Aufmerksamkeit, die sich jedoch häufig einseitig auf ihre Schutzbedürftigkeit bezieht. Erforderlich ist eine Auseinandersetzung, die ihren subjektiven Wirklichkeiten Rechnung trägt und neben Risiken auch Ressourcen berücksichtigt. Ziel der Arbeit Die Studie stellt die Perspektiven älterer Menschen in den Mittelpunkt, und Ziel ist es, ihr subjektives Erleben der Coronapandemie zu beleuchten. Gefragt wird danach, wie sie die Pandemie, Risiken, Folgen und Schutzmaßnahmen erleben, inwiefern sich diese auf ihren Lebensalltag auswirken und wie sie damit umgehen. Material und Methoden Im Mai und Juni 2020 wurden 12 leitfadengestützte Telefoninterviews durchgeführt. Befragt wurden 9 Frauen und 3 Männer zwischen 77 und 91 Jahren, die in der eigenen Häuslichkeit leben, gesundheitlich beeinträchtigt, hilfe- und pflegebedürftig sind. Die Daten wurden mittels strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Die Befragten machen sich i. Allg. Sorgen aufgrund der Coronapandemie, schätzen die eigene Gefährdung aber als gering ein. Sie sehen sich von den unmittelbaren Folgen der Krise kaum betroffen oder stark in ihrem Alltag eingeschränkt. Unsicherheiten erleben sie im sozialen Lebensbereich, wobei die Angst vor Einsamkeit zentral ist. Sie halten die Schutzmaßnahmen insgesamt für angemessen, kritisieren aber frühzeitige Lockerungen, familiäre Kontaktbeschränkungen und den Umgang mit Sterbenden. Diskussion Ein moderates Ausmaß unmittelbarer persönlicher Betroffenheit, Akzeptanz und Anpassungsfähigkeit prägen das Erleben und den Umgang älterer Menschen mit der Coronapandemie. Sichtbar werden Ressourcen und Kompetenzen im Umgang mit der Krise.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) has been described as ‘the pandemic after the pandemic’ with more than 65 million people worldwide being affected. The enormous range of symptoms makes both diagnosis complex and treatment difficult. In a post-COVID rehabilitation outpatient clinic, 184 patients, mostly non-hospitalized, received a comprehensive, interdisciplinary diagnostic assessment with fixed follow-up appointments. At baseline, three in four patients reported more than 10 symptoms, the most frequent symptoms were fatigue (84.9%), decreased physical capacity (83.0%), tiredness (81.1%), poor concentration (73.6%), sleeping problems (66.7%) and shortness of breath (67.3%). Abnormalities were found in the mean values of scores for fatigue (FAS = 34.3), cognition (MoCA = 25.5), psychological alterations (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), limitation of lung function (CAT) and severity scores for PCS (PCFS, MCRS). Clinical abnormalities were found in elevated values of heart rate, breathing rate at rest, blood pressure and NT-proBNP levels. As the frequency of the described symptoms decreases only slowly but most often significantly over the course, it is important to monitor the patients over a longer period of time. Many of them suffer from an immense symptom burden, often without pre-existing clinical correlates. Our results show a clear association with objectifiable assessments and tests as well as pronounced symptoms.