Efeito da utilização de biofertilizante bovino na produção de mudas de pimentão irrigadas com água salina RESUMO Um experimento foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009, para avaliar os efeitos da utilização de biofertilizante bovino na produção de mudas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. All Big, irrigadas com água salina. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados, usando o esquema fatorial 5 × 2, correspondente a cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,3; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m -1 ), e dois substratos, sem e com biofertilizante. A irrigação foi feita baseada no processo de pesagem, fornecendo-se diariamente o volume de cada tipo de água evapotranspirada, de modo a elevar o solo ao nível da capacidade de campo. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem de plântulas normais emergidas, crescimento em altura e diâmetro do caule, comprimento da raiz principal, biomassa seca de raízes e da parte aérea e condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do substrato. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação provocou expressivas perdas na emergência e no crescimento das plantas, mas os declínios foram inferiores nos tratamentos com o biofertilizante. No substrato, a condutividade elétrica foi elevada em função do aumento na concentração de sais da água de irrigação, porém em menor proporção nos tratamentos com o insumo orgânico. Mudas de pimentão irrigadas com água salina em solo sem biofertilizante não apresentam qualidade adequada para transplante no campo. Nos tratamentos com biofertilizante bovino e irrigação com águas salinas de condutividade elétrica até 3 dS m -1 , as mudas revelaram-se adequadas para o transplante. Palavras-chave:Capsicum annuum L., insumo orgânico, salinidade da água.Effects of bovine biofertilizer on the production of bell pepper irrigated with saline water ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out during the period of December/2008 to February/2009 in order to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer on the yield of bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. All Big., under irrigation with saline water. Treatments were arranged in randomized blocks using the factorial design 5 × 2, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electric conductivity (0.3; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m -1 ), and two substrates, without and with bovine biofertilizer. The irrigation was carried out based on the weighting process, by daily providing the volume of each type of evapotranspirated water, in order to elevate the soil to the field capacity level.. The evaluated variables were seedling emergence speed, normal emerged seedlings percentage, stem diameter and height growth, main root length, dry matter of the roots and shoots and electric conductivity of the substrate saturation extract. The increase of salinity on the irrigation water resulted in expressive losses in the plants emergence and growth, but the decreases were lower in treatments with the bovine biofertilizer. In the substrate, the electric conducti...

Correction of saline and sodic soils aims to reduce salts dissolved in the solution and exchangeable sodium, respectively, to allow the growth and production of crops. In this context, an experiment was carried out between August/2011 and September/2012, in saline-sodic soil of the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, in the municipality of Sousa, PB, Brazil. Agricultural gypsum, organic sources and continuous leaching for reducing salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the saline-sodic soil and their effects on the production of the sunflower cultivar Embrapa 122/V-2000 and the rice variety Diamante were evaluated. The treatments were distributed in four randomized blocks and the soil was subjected to continuous leaching for 50 days and evaluated for salinity, sodicity and alkalinity before and after leaching, as well after sunflower and rice cultivation, in the 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m layers. Leaching and the application of gypsum and organic sources reduced the initial salinity in both soil layers, to a greater extent in the surface layer. Exchangeable sodium decreased in 0-0.20 m and increased in 0.20-0.40 m. After rice cultivation, the soil in the 0-0.20 m layer changed from saline-sodic to non-saline in the treatments gypsum + bovine manure and gypsum + rice husk. The reduction of salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the soil was higher during rice cultivation than during sunflower cultivation.

Soybean (Glycine max) is a crop of high economic power in the world, being used to produce vegetable oil, as well as a source of food for animals and humans. Recent research indicates that nutrient application in the seed stage contributes to the early and productive development of crops. Since silicon (Si), as a nutrient for plants, acts in the cellular structure and the formation and performance of plant architecture, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application via seeds on the initial growth of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block. The treatments were replicated three times and distributed in a 3×5 factorial scheme, composed by three soybean cultivars (C1 - FTR 1186 IPRO, C2 - FTR 1192 IPRO and C3 - FTR 3190 IPRO) and five silicon doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g per 100 kg of seeds). The data were submitted to ANOVA by F-test and polynomial regression analysis for the silicon doses; the cultivars response was evaluated through the Tukey mean test. The treatment of soybean seeds with silicon did not positively influence the root dry mass of the FTR 1192 IPRO, nor the root length and root diameter of the FTR 1186 IPRO. The application of silicon did not influence the FTR 3190 IPRO.

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