RESUMOObjetivo: identificar fatores maternos e perinatais relacionados a fetos com peso igual ou maior do que 4.000 g no nascimento. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal, de 411 casos consecutivos de macrossomia fetal, ocorridos no período de março de 1998 a março de 2005. Compararam-se os dados obtidos aos de 7.349 casos de fetos com peso entre 2.500 e 3.999 g ao nascimento, ocorridos no mesmo período. Foram analisadas variáveis maternas (idade, paridade, diabete melito, ocorrência de parto cesáreo, mecônio, desproporção feto-pélvica, principais indicações das cesáreas) e perinatais (ocorrência de tocotraumatismo, índice de Apgar inferior a sete no 1º e 5º minuto, natimortalidade, neomortalidade precoce, necessidade de internação na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal). As avaliações estatísticas foram realizadas com o teste não paramétrico do χ 2 com a correção de Yates e com o teste t de Student. Adotou-se o nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: as diferenças entre os grupos foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes ao se analisarem a idade materna (p<0,05), paridade (p<0,05) e índice de Apgar menor que 7 no 1º minuto (p<0,05; OR=1,8; IC 95%: 1,4-2,5) e 5º minuto (p<0,05; OR=2,3; IC 95%: 1,3-4,1), diabete melito materno (p<0,05; OR=4,2; IC 95%: 2,7-6,4), ocorrência de mecônio (p<0,05; OR=1,3; IC 95%: 1,0-1,7), necessidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais (p<0,05; OR=2,0; IC 95%: 1,5-2,7), neomortalidade precoce (p<0,05; OR=2,7; IC 95%: 1,0-6,7), parto cesáreo (p<0,05; OR=2,03; IC 95%: 1,6-2,5) e desproporção fetopélvica (p<0,05; OR=2,8; IC 95%: 1,6-4,8), mas não quanto ao tocotraumatismo e à natimortalidade. No grupo de fetos macrossômicos, as principais indicações de operação cesariana foram a iteratividade (11,9%) e a desproporção fetopélvica (8,6%). No grupo controle as principais indicações foram a iteratividade (8,3%) e o sofrimento fetal agudo (3,9%). Conclusão: a despeito das limitações características de uma avaliação retrospectiva, o estudo demonstra quais complicações tendem a se associar ao excessivo tamanho fetal, podendo ser de utilidade no manejo obstétrico de pacientes com suspeita de crescimento fetal excessivo. A macrossomia fetal permanece sendo problema obstétrico de difícil solução, associado a importantes conseqüências maternas e perinatais, haja vista as significantes taxas de morbiletalidade observadas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Macrossomia fetal; Morbidade materna; Morbidade fetal; Peso fetalABSTRACT Purpose: to identify maternal and perinatal factors related to neonates with birthweight ≥4,000 g. Methods: cross-section cohort study with 411 consecutive cases of fetal macrosomia (FM) which occurred from March 1998 to March 2005. Data were compared to 7,349 cases of fetal birthweight ≥2,500 and <3,999 g which occurred in the same period. Maternal variables (maternal age, parity, diabetes, previous cesarean section, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cephalopelvic disproportion, main cesarean section indications) and perinatal variabl...

Objectives: to determine the seroprevalence rate of toxoplasmosis, HIV, syphilis and rubella in a population of puerperal women. Methods: a prospective, cross-sectional study was performed from February 2007 to April 2008 at Hospital Geral, Universidade de Caxias do Sul in a population of 1,510 puerperal women. Women that gave birth to live born or stillborn infants were included in the study; maternal and perinatal variables were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square with occasional Fisher's correction were used for comparisons. Alpha was set in 5%. Results: a total of 148 cases of congenital infection (9.8%) were identified: 66 cases of syphilis (4.4%), 40 cases of HIV (2.7%), 27 cases of toxoplasmosis (1.8%) and 15 cases of rubella (1.0%). In ten cases there was co-infection (four cases of HIV and syphilis, two cases of HIV and rubella, one case of HIV and toxoplasmosis, two cases of rubella and syphilis, and one case of toxoplasmosis and rubella). In a comparison between puerperal women with and without infection there was no statistical significance in relation to incidence of abortions, small for gestational age, prematurity, live births and stillbirths, and prenatal care. Need of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), maternal schooling, maternal age higher than 35 years and drug use (alcohol, cocaine and crack) had statistical significance. Conclusion: the prevalence rate of infections was 9.8%. Need of NICU, maternal schooling lower than eight years, maternal age higher than 35 years and drug use were significantly associated with occurrence of congenital infection.

No abstract

No abstract

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between prone position, increased diuresis, and decreased cumulative fluid balance in critically ill pediatric patients who underwent mechanical ventilation (MV) for pulmonary causes and describe adverse events related to the use of the position. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. Patients aged between 1 month and 12 years who underwent MV for pulmonary causes, between January 2013 and December 2015, were selected and divided between those who were put on prone position (PG) and those who were not (CG) during the hospitalization at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Data were analyzed longitudinally from D1 to D4. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients (PG = 37 and CG = 40) were analyzed. The general characteristics of both groups were similar. In the comparison between the groups, there was no increase in diuresis or decrease in cumulative fluid balance in the prone group. In the longitudinal analysis of D1 to D4, we saw that the PG presented higher diuresis (p = 0.034) and a lower cumulative fluid balance (p = 0.001) in D2. Regarding the use of diuretics, there was greater use of furosemide (P <0.001) and spironolactone (P = 0.04) in the PG. There was no increase in adverse events during the use of the prone position. CONCLUSION: The prone position was not associated with increased diuresis or decreased cumulative fluid balance in critically ill pediatric patients who underwent to MV for pulmonary causes.