MARD values from clinical studies should not be used blindly but the reliability of the evaluation should be considered as well. Furthermore, it should not be ignored that MARD does not take into account the key feature of CGM sensors, the frequency of the measurements. Additional metrics, such as precision absolute relative difference (PARD) should be used as well to obtain a better evaluation of the CGM performance for specific uses, for example, for artificial pancreas.

No abstract

In recent years many works focusing on improved vehicle fuel efficiency through advanced control have been carried out, reflecting the high interest in ecodriving of vehicles. Although many studies have shown the potential that optimal control based ecodriving can offer, these solution are often difficult to be translated into online control strategies, one of the reasons being the complexity of the optimal control problem and therefore the computational burden.To cope with this a novel online approach, based on switching Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), is proposed. The NMPC strategy is developed for the case of conventional vehicles, where gear shifting and longitudinal dynamics are controlled. It is shown that our proposal can operate in real time, while recovering most of the performance achievable by an offline optimal solution.The development of the method is described in detail and its performance is analyzed. The results show that the proposed NMPC can successfully solve the ecodriving task and seems a good compromise between computational burden and performance suitable for field implementation.

No abstract

Eco-driving is a way to improve performance — mainly energy consumption — of road vehicles by computing an optimal speed and gear shifting profile based on vehicle data and road profile, e.g. slopes or speed limits. It mainly focuses on long haul scenarios such as highways, considering longitudinal movement only. Lateral acceleration of a vehicle is a critical quantity both in terms of comfort and safety, but its impact on fuel consumption or emissions is rarely considered or believed to be limited [1], as it does not affect directly the operating point of the engine. However, on country roads which usually present much stronger curvatures, lateral acceleration may be a critical constraint. In this paper, the impact of lateral acceleration limits on optimal solutions to multi-objective eco-driving is investigated. It is found that it may play an even more critical role than longitudinal acceleration with respect to fuel consumption and NOx emission. As a consequence, the choice of limits to lateral acceleration on curvy roads should be set very carefully in order to achieve a balance between energy saving, drivers comfort and travel time. The results of this work are validated on a high-feasibility Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system calibrated with data from Real Driving Emissions tests.