Cliff retreat in northern Boulonnais is described. The distribution of the amount of retreat is related to structural and topographic factors. Both control the runoff-infiltration balance and therefore the mechanical behaviour of the rocks, which determines the modes of failure. The spatial variability of the retreat rate is explained, but predicting the temporal variability of the retreat rate, which is central to risk management, is much more difficult. Rainfall and piezometric surface data enhanced a 'piston flow' mechanism during November 2000. The result of its occurrence on the stability of the cliff and conditions of its recurrence are examined with a view to better understanding the rate of recession of coastal cliffs and wiser management of risk.
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RISQUES NATURELS OU HUMAINS(1) Uno rganisme torrentiel est l'ensemble des unités géomorphologiques constituant le système torrentiel,soit del 'amont vers l'aval: le bassin der éception,le chenald'écoulement et le cône dedéjection.
L'érosion des côtes à falaises est souvent exprimée par des vitesses de recul. Sur le site du cap Blanc-Nez, celles-ci ont été déterminées par la comparaison de plans cadastraux et par des techniques photogrammétriques. Trois périodes ont ainsi été couvertes : 1834-1987 (ou 1834-1991 selon les communes), 1939-2002 (ou 1944-1999 selon les techniques photogrammétriques utilisées) et 1999-2002. Les marges d'erreur sur les valeurs de recul obtenues sont très variables. Difficile à estimer mais probablement supérieure à 10 m pour la comparaison des plans cadastraux, elles s'étalent entre ± 14 cm et ± 2,5 m pour les méthodes relevant de la photogrammétrie. Tous les résultats montrent cependant une très forte variabilité spatiale de l'évolution du trait de côte. Au cap Blanc-Nez, par exemple, des sections parfaitement figées depuis 64 ans jouxtent des zones où la falaise a reculé de 40 m. Mais à plus petite échelle, plusieurs secteurs se distinguent assez nettement. Cela traduit la diversité des paramètres qui influent sur la vitesse de recul de la falaise : stratigraphie, altération de la craie, hauteur de la falaise, etc.
Since the 1960s, the development of the Serre-Chevalier winter and summer resort has led to a rapid extension of the urban fabric on the territory of the village of St-Chaffrey. On July 9, 1981, the new neighborhoods built on the alluvial fan of the Verdarel torrent were partly devastated by a channeled debris flow. This disaster prompted the civil authorities to set up an extensive fluvial regulation system, which rapidly contributed to recreating a climate of confidence and security favorable to continuing urban expansion. The combination of catastrophic floods in July 1995, and a new security-oriented national policy on natural hazards, nevertheless led to a return to precautionary measures. The St-Chaffrey town council has therefore been forced by the State to accept a building-free zone on the land-use plan. This measure is perceived as a real denial of the local efficacy of the flood and landslide risk management policy as carried out by the council of St-Chaffrey during the previous 20 years.
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