The place of memory in the territorial arrangements. A geopolitical issue Der Ort der Erinnerung in territorialen Regelungen. Eine geopolitische Frage.

Les restructurations militaires en Lorraine : enjeux d'aménagement à différen...

Urban policy within the Lille urban community has experienced 3 main phases since the early 1980s. 1981-1988 was a period of spacial expansion of urban policy, based around the DSQ policy. 1 989-1 993, the time of the 1 0™ Plan, was a real transitional period, marked by the end of the DSQ policy and a changing scale of urban policies, which saw the introduction of the Contrat de Ville programme. 1 994-1 995 was something of a falling off period in urban policy, mainly due to the difficulties faced in the implementation of the politiques d'agglomération. The introduction of the DSQ procedure in 1982 marked a new dimension in urban policy. It was seen to be a way of stabilising urban degradation ratherthan solving problems and its limitations were the main impetus for the introduction of the Contratde Ville programme. Contrats de Ville were inbtroduced in may 1989. 13 areas were initially chosen, and the policy looked at urban problems in a new way, recognising the need to look more globally eat the problems facing urban areas. It was a contract between the State and the Ville and recognised the need for intercommunal cooperation. This section looks at the Contrat d'Agglomération as well as the Contratde Ville, with specific referencee to the Lille agglomeration. The last 1 4 years have seen problems concerning urban policies in France. The agglomertation of Lille is an extremly complex adminis¬ trative area and thus has encountered many problems in policy implementation. However, the policies have enabled the agglomeration to at least stabilise its urban problems. The future must see the co¬ operation of key figures in Lille, in orderto ensure that intercommunality is succesfully used, along with clear political definitions and applica¬ tion of policies to come. Strong commitment from economic actors in the area of urban policy is essential as is the développement of local and regional partnership facilitating regular contact between key figures in urban policy issues.

La notion de «pays» interroge le géographe en raison de son caractère à la fois incontournable et protéiforme. L'histoire de son usage dans les manuels scolaires, l'utilisation qui en est faite dans le cadre du développement local et l'intérêt qu'elle présente lorsqu'il aborde les dynamiques de métropolisation en témoignent.

The urban strategy of the Lille metropolis urban governement contributes to the territorial recomposition of the metropolitan area. The approach of this mecanism by the geography of the borders, shows the risk of a double territorialisation process. The territorial projects contribute indeed to the progressive opening up of the political and administrative borders (international, intermunicipal) of the metropolis. Nevertheless, in reaction against these projects, this opening contrasts with a socio-spatial polarization which should create new borders and therefore new territories, in conflict with the strategy of the metropolitan governement.