RESUMENEste artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre la (re)emergencia del trabajo de cuidados como objeto de estudio en la sociología contemporánea, en el contexto de la crisis de los cuidados, bajo el prisma de las desigualdades de género. Se argumenta que el debate en torno a los cuidados ha significado una puesta al día de las discusiones sobre el trabajo doméstico, la identidad y el lugar que las mujeres ocupan en la modernidad tardía. Pero no es sólo una puesta al día. Supone un cambio en el foco de interés, del trabajo a los cuidados, y la primacía del sujeto. Este cambio de enfoque presenta ventajas e inconvenientes para afrontar los retos que plantea la "crisis de los cuidados". ABSTRACTThis paper presents some reflections on the (re) emergence of care work as object of study in contemporary sociology in the context of the crisis of care, through the prism of gender inequalities. It is argued that the debate on care has meant an update of the discussions on domestic work, identity and the place of women in late modernity. But it is not just an update. It represents a shift in focus of interest, from work to care, and the primacy of the subject. This shift in approach has advantages and disadvantages to confront the challenges arising from the "care crisis".

This paper approaches the issue of flexicurity and its implementation in Southern Europe. The comparison between Italy and Spain shows the existence of different meanings and varieties of flexicurity. Hence we question the transposition of the Dutch / Danish flexicurity model to other European countries, and more specifically to those belonging to the Mediterranean cluster. In other words, we wonder about the viability of transposing employment models through multi-level governance mechanisms that aim at some convergence across countries. The variety of socioeconomic models explains the existence of different meaning and manifestations of flexicurity even between the most-similar cases of Italy and Spain where short-term developments have pointed towards divergence in their flexicurity equilibriums, though the picture changes if we adopt a long-term perspective. The article shows how the societal effect limits the influence of the induced EU effect.

Studies have often examined the effects of one dimension of work organization (WO) on the gender pay gap (GPG) by considering single contexts. However, research has rarely addressed how different factors of WO intersect to shape the GPG across contexts. This article fills this gap in the literature by comparing the chemical industry and financial services sectors in Spain. The article analyses how WO is formalized in collective bargaining and how regulations translate in practice at the company level. While different configurations of intertwining inequalities emerge in each context analysed, managerial discretion is a common key feature contributing to the GPG. Gaps in regulation allow unilateral recruitment, promotion and pay practices. Simultaneously, managerial practices distort or circumvent regulation by abusing or misusing certain concepts. The distance between regulation and practice is embedded in gendered organizational cultures and institutional inertia leading to gender inequalities in pay.

ResumenLa articulación entre las políticas de empleo y las políticas sociales condicionan la percepción subjetiva de incertidumbre los individuos. El modelo de mercado laboral tiene un peso determinante en la percepción de incertidumbre. El empleo en sí mismo ya no es sufi ciente garantía de ingresos seguros. El empleo a tiempo parcial y los contratos temporales generan una creciente demanda de políticas de redistribución de los ingresos en los países del Sur y Este de Europa. En los países escandinavos los mismos tipos de contratos laborales generan menos desigualdad porque el empleo público contribuye a generar un "círculo virtuoso" que favorece las políticas de igualdad y la conciliación entre la vida laboral y familiar. A nivel individual las actitudes pro-redistributivas las impulsan las mujeres, aquellas personas con incertidumbre en sus ingresos económicos y con bajo nivel de estudios. Por el contrario, quienes más confían en el éxito individual y el mérito son los jóvenes con estudios universitarios y aquellos que perciben ingresos económicos altos. Palabras claves: desigualdad; desempleo; trabajo a tiempo parcial; contratos temporales; protección social; gastos en desempleo. Uncertainty and Attitudes Pro-redistributive: Labour Market and Welfare Models in Europe AbstractThe link between employment policies and social policies infl uence the subjective perception of individual uncertainty. The labor market model has an important role on the perception of uncertainty. Employment in itself is not enough insurance guarantee income. Part-time work and temporary contracts generates a growing demand for policies of income redistribution in the South and Eastern Europe. In Scandinavia countries the same types of labor contracts generate less inequality because government employment contributes to a "virtuous circle" that favors equality policies and the reconciliation of work and family life. Individually pro-redistributive attitudes are implemented more by women, also for those with uncertainty in their income and low education. By contrast, those who rely more on individual success and merit are the young college-educated and those earning higher incomes.