An epidemic of dengue fever broke out in Calcutta between July and August 1983. Persons of all age groups were affected with a preponderance of young adults. Haemorrhagic manifestations and shock were not observed. Virus was isolated from 4 acute phase sera and identified as dengue type 3 (DEN-3), the first isolation of DEN-3 virus in Calcutta. Serotesting with 9 paired blood samples established dengue infection in 7 and a flavivirus group reaction in 2. Examination of 36 single sera revealed presumptive dengue infection in 15 and a flavivirus group reaction in 17, while the remaining 4 were negative to all flavivirus antigens.

Alzheimer’s disease is neurodegenerative dementia which has significant health complications in the old age group. An imbalance in gut microbiota can influence to cause several diseases like chronic disorders, depression, type II diabetics, and neurological disorders like AD. Aging is one of the major causes of the development of neurodegenerative disease due to the decreasing levels of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and apoptosis. These harmful effects of aging can be prevented by probiotics usage. The gut-microbiota is capable to control the brain function through the gut-brain axis. Lactobacillus strains are considered as beneficial microorganism because of its importance of the maintenance in healthy intestinal microflora, immunomodulation, and intestinal pathogenic intervention. They have diverse applications in the medical field with properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus strains shows an optimistic trend to use it as a significant therapy for cognitive symptoms. This review article put forwards the significance of the gut-brain axis and the contribution of Lactobacillus strains as a probiotic supplement and its therapeutic innovations for future aspects and the limitation to treat AD-related pathogenesis are briefly elucidated.

Dengue is a viral disease that is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito worldwide. It is globally prevalent and has no effective treatment till date. Approximately 50,000 people suffer from dengue annually, of which 10% of the total cases involved are due to dengue hemorrhagic fever. This creates a very distressing situation which puts forth a need for development of an effective anti-dengue agent to combat this epidemic infection. The use of bioinformatics tools, high performance computing and molecular modeling programs has been leading the advancements in designing and in silico searching of therapeutically active molecules that can be used against Dengue. For drug designing the bioinformatics is evolving the docking studies of NS3 pro and Envelope protein of DENV 2 and DENV 3 with new drug design tools that are available in public using Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Most chemical insecticides that are used for the eradication of mosquito vectors are not safe because of their harmful side effects to living organisms. This review focus about the various immunological manifestations of Dengue viral infection. There is a need of using biocontrol agents that includes the use of microorganisms, fishes and its metabolites for the elimination of vectors and dengue outbreaks.