This study made possible to investigate the variability of the GPF and the feasibility of the greater palatine neurovascular bundle, and to calculate the lengths of some parameters with the help of certain software. To collect the donor tissue of the neurovascular greater palatine network, each distance among the AR-GPF-PPB were equal to 4 mm. To estimate the possible length of the graft, the incision was made along the third and the second molar to the IF as 4 cm. The data we obtained within this study have been presented to help the surgeons avoid unexpected hemorrhage during the palatinal procedures such as posttraumatic dental reconstruction, maxillofacial tumor resections, palatal micro-implants, and dentofacial orthopedic surgery.

Compression of the femoral nerve (FN) to the iliac fossa has been reported as a consequence of several pathologies as well as due to the aberrant muscles. The purpose of this research was to investigate the patterns of the accessory muscles of iliopsoas muscles and the relationship of the FN in fifty semi pelvis. Accessory muscular slips from iliacus and psoas, piercing or covering the FN, were found in 19 specimens (7.9%). Based on the macroscopic structure, the muscle was categorized into two types. Pattern 1 as the more frequent variation, was sheet muscular type covering the FN (17 specimens, 89.5%). Pattern 2, the less frequent variation was found on a muscular slip covering the FN (2 specimens, 10.5%). Iliac and psoas muscles and their variants on both types were defined. Appraising the relation between the muscle and the nerves, each disposition of the patterns may be a potential risk for nerve entrapment. The knowledge about the possible variations of the iliopsoas muscle complex and the FN may also give surgeons confidence during pelvic surgery. Recognition of these variations in normal anatomy may be useful to the clinicians when treating patients with refractory leg pain.

double parotid ducts were observed in a formalin-fixed 72-yearold male cadaver. The cadaver had no trace of scars, adhesions or signs of trauma or operation. All measurements were taken using a stainless steel caliper with an accuracy of 0.02 mm. The study conforms to the provisions of the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and all subsequent revisions. AbstractThe parotid duct is formed by the confluence of two ducts in the gland which ascend and descend at right angle to the main duct. While crossing the masseter muscle, it can receive the accessory parotid duct. Although the anatomical course of this duct is well known, the reports on its normal anatomical variations and morphometry are very few. During routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy of Ege University School of Medicine, double parotid ducts were observed bilaterally in a 72-year-old male cadaver. These were traced carefully and neighboring anatomic structures were demonstrated. The two ducts on both sides merged with each other to form the main parotid duct that had a straight course running horizontally towards the anterior border of the masseter muscle. The length of the main parotid duct was 20.02 mm on the right side and 16 mm on the left side. The distance between tragus and the union point of the double ducts was 52 mm on the right side and 58.72 mm on the left side. Detailed morphometry and location of the double parotid ducts are useful for diagnostic and therapeutic luminal procedures.

The primary principle in reconstructive treatment should be describing geometrical forms and mathematical details of the bony palate. Three-dimensional reference values relative to the dental arch may increase the success of individual treatment of surgical procedures and reduce possible complications. With the help of certain software, this research has made possible to investigate the variability of the dental arch and calculate the variety in measurements and thereby determining the most appropriate implant position, optimizing the implant axis and defining the best surgical and prosthetic solution for the patient.