Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical, antropometric and laboratory findings of female patients diagnosed with central precocious puberty and to determine the laboratory value with the best diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty. Material and Methods: Female patients whose breast development began before the age of 8 years were included in the study. The data of the patients were obtained by retrospectively examining file records. The chronogical age, age at the time of onset of the complaint, antropometric variables, bone age and hormonal tests were recorded. The patients whose bone age/chronological age ratio was >1 and in whom pubertal response was obtained to gonodotropin releasing hormone stimulation test were considered central precocious puberty and the patients who did not meet these criteria were considered premature thelarche. Receiver operating charecteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the laboratory variables. Results: Fifty one patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty and 36 patients with premature thelarche were included in the study. In the patients with central precocious puberty, the height standard deviation score, bone age and bone age/chronological age ratio were found to be significantly higher compared to the patients with premature thelarche. The basal luteinizing hormone, basal follicle stimulating hormone, basal luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone, peak luteinizing hormone, peak follicle stimulating hormone and peak luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone values were found to be significantly higher in the patients with central precocious puberty. When the cut-off value for the peak luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone ratio was taken as >0.24, the sensitivity was found to be 100% and specificity was found to be 84%. When the cut-off value for the basal follicle stimulating hormone was taken as >1.9 IU/L, the sensitivity was found to be 71% and specificity was found to be 68%. When the cut-off value for the basal luteinizing hormone was taken as >0.1 IU/L, the sensitivity was found to be 71% and specificity was found to be 64%. Conclusions: In female children, a peak luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone ratio of >0.24 can be used in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty. However, the findings should be assessed in association with the clinical and antropometric variables. (Türk Ped Arş 2015; 50: 20-6)

4 Araştırmalar / Researches ÖZET:Hastane çalışanlarında işe bağlı kas iskelet sistemi hastalıkları: Üst ekstremite problemleri Amaç: İşe bağlı kas iskelet sistemi hastalıkları toplumda sık görülen sağlık problemlerinden biridir. Hastanemizde çalışan yardımcı personelin sağlığını korumak, iş memnuniyetini artırmak ve iş kaybı-na neden olabilecek durumları önleyebilmek için işe bağlı üst ekstremite problemlerinin sıklığı ve bu problemleri oluşturabilecek etmenleri belirlemeyi amaçladık. Work-related musculoskeletal diseases in hospital workers: Upper extremity problems Objective: The work-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common health problems in the community. The aim of the our study was to determine the incidence of work-related upper extremity problems and to asses the risk factors in order to protect the health of our hospital employees, to improve job satisfaction and to avoid situations that could lead to job. Material and Method: A total of 125 hospital employees were included in our study. The personal characteristics of the participants, information about the work and the working environment were questioned by a questionnaire that was collected from the literature. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to identify areas of pain. Results: 125 cases participated in the study, 74 (59.2%) were female and 51 (40.8%) were male. The mean age of patients was 31.56±7:09 years. 53 participants (50.5%) were cleaning staff, 25 participants (23.8%) were secretary, 16 participants (15.2%) were technician and 11 participants (10.6%) were nurse. 61 employees (58.1%) had upper limb pain during business. When logistic analysis was performed we found that male gender is a risk factor for wrist pain; high BMI is a risk factor for back, elbow and wrist; less time spent at home is a risk factor for back and wrist pain. Conclusion:To determine the work-related upper extremity problems and risk factors in hospital employees is important to improve work efficiency and protect the health of employees.

It is the notion of creativity which is emphasized on educating the modern human in accordance with the requirements of the age. Art education is an effective field that supports and develops creativity with all its fields. The factor that makes one person, one society, one country more advanced than the others is the power of revealing a new product. One of the most effective areas that develop the underlying creativity is art education.   Art education provides a better expression and its contribution to other forms of expression and other disciplines cannot be denied. According to the needs of the age, one of the most important concepts in educating modern people is creativity.The main purpose of the fields of art, education and science is to serve human development and discover new things by using the concept of creativity.It is possible to say that mental skills, thoughts and intelligence may also be developed through interdisciplinary interaction while the emotions are being trained.   In this study, the Effectiveness of Creative Drama in the Education of Gifted / Talented Students for Plastic Arts Education was investigated. For this purpose, drama workshops with a focus on art education were performed with plastic and modern art references. Reactions of talentedstudents were observed during and after workshops. The findings obtained based on these observations were discussed, examined and interpreted.   Keywords: Art, Education, Ingenuity, Intelligence, Interdisciplinary