MTA mixed with 5% CaCl and 2.5% Na HPO was biocompatible with dental pulp stem cell niches. Accelerated-set MTA promoted better differentiation in DPSC niches than conventional MTA. The accelerators could provide an alternative to MTA mixed with distilled water.

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Objective Enamel remineralizing effects of theobromine have received much attention from the clinicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the caries preventive effect of theobromine containing toothpaste on children with early childhood caries (ECC). Material and Methods Salivary pH, buffering capacity and frequency of Streptococcus mutans (SM) levels were measured. Each child was assigned either fluoridated or theobromine containing toothpaste. The changes were analyzed using Laser Fluorescence system. Statistical analyses were performed. Results We included 13 children (mean age 4.25) with 145 teeth in the fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate Kids toothpaste) group; 13 children (mean age 4.46) with 115 teeth in theobromine containing toothpaste (Theodent TM Kids toothpaste) group. Both toothpastes demonstrated enamel remineralization and were effective in increasing the buffering capacity and pH (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in S. mutans levels was found in both toothpaste groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Both toothpaste group showed a statistically significant amount of enamel remineralization. Since theobromine had the added benefits of increasing the salivary pH and decreasing the S.mutans levels, theobromine containing toothpastes can be considered effective agents in remineralizing white spot lesions and can be used in prevention of early enamel lesions.

The deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 is described as CATCH 22, Velocardiofacial Syndrome or Di George Syndrome. The acronym of CATCH 22 stands for cardiac defect, abnormal faces, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcaemia but the acronym does not express all of the symptoms of CATCH 22 syndrome. Some clinical findings of CATCH 22 relate to congenital cardiac defects, velopharyngeal insufficiency with or without cleft palate, immune problems, feeding difficulties, hypocalcaemia, learning disabilities, behavioral abnormalities and lastly characteristic facial features. A treatment protocol of a 7-year-old child with CATCH 22 syndrome who also has dental caries complaint, toothache has been presented. Dental caries treatment and prophylactic application have been done for the patient. As a result, this study basically depicts how a dental approach can be followed for those patients who have CATCH 22 syndrome.