<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur hubungan signifikan antara pemahaman konsep ikatan kimia dengan hasil belajar kimia siswa pada materi larutan elektrolit. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMAS Nabil Husein Samarinda tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 60 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 siswa, yang diambil menggunakan teknik <em>simple random sampling</em>. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik tes, yaitu tes pemahaman konsep siswa dan tes evaluasi hasil belajar. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji linier regresi, uji korelasi <em>product moment pearson</em> dan uji hipotesis berupa uji <em>t</em>. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh hasil bahwa ada hubungan signifikan antara pemahaman konsep ikatan kimia siswa dengan hasil belajar kimia siswa pada pokok bahasan larutan elektrolit, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,410 dengan interpretasi koefisien korelasi sedang dan nilai signifikansi uji <em>t</em> (0,009 < 0,05).</p>
Microalgae-derived oils have potential as a biofuel feedstock. To produce microalgal oils at a large scale, large amounts of nutrients and energy are needed to grow the algae. In this study, we evaluated three types of agricultural fertilizer (AF)-based culture media (AF1, AF2, and AF3) based on a previously published enriched seawater (ES) medium to produce biomass and oils from Thalassiosira sp. Under laboratory conditions, the highest cell productivity of Thalassiosira sp. was obtained with the AF3 medium. Thalassiosira sp. cultured in the AF3 medium produced 10.4 ± 0.9 mg L dayoils, which is significantly higher than the 5.8 ± 0.7 mg L dayproduced in the ES medium. The higher production was due to the presence of nitrate and trace elements, both of which played roles in enhancing biomass and oil content, respectively. During cell growth, resting spores appeared inside the cells and were a marker to harvest the cells. Because of the abundant availability of sunlight in the tropics during the year, the oil production of Thalassiosira sp. in the AF3 medium was scaled up using outdoor photobioreactors under different weather conditions (rainy and dry seasons). Thalassiosira sp. produced more unsaturated fatty acids during the rainy season and produced more saturated fatty acids during the dry season. This study also demonstrated that it was possible to culture Thalassiosira sp. under outdoor conditions using a low-cost agricultural fertilizer-based culture medium (AF3 medium) to produce biodiesel feedstock with an annual production of 8.1 ± 0.4 t ha during the dry season and of 23.9 ± 6.8 t ha during the rainy season.
Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi di era digital harus dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran kimia. Di era digital ini, penggunaan laboratorium virtual dapat menggantikan laboratorium nyata sebagai sarana untuk membuktikan teori, hukum, dan konsep kimia. Kajian ini menelaah berbagai platform laboratorium virtual yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia. Platform laboratorium virtual yang dikaji dalam artikel ini adalah Chemcollective, Laboratorium Maya, PhET, dan Olabs. Setiap platform laboratorium virtual yang dikaji memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan, sehingga informasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi guru dalam memilih platform laboratorium virtual yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran kimia yang telah dirancang.
The community nearby palm oil plantations have benefited from the indigenous mushroom growing on decomposed oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Some mushrooms are edible, but others are known as non-edible due to their toxicity. There is limited scientific information about the biodiversity of indigenous mushrooms growing on the decomposed OPEFB. Therefore, an explorative study was conducted in March 2021 to determine the level of the indigenous mushrooms during the one to six months of decompose period of the OPEFB at a palm oil plantation in Paser Regency, Indonesia. Purposive plot sampling on decomposed OPEFB pile was carried out to collect the mushrooms. A deep interview questioner was used to find out the utilization of the mushrooms using census method on respondents living nearby the plantation area. The diversity characteristics of the mushrooms growing on OPEFB were determined by morphological identification based on the reference of Watling (2017) "Identification of the Larger Fungi" and using mushrooms identification application of "mushroom identificator" for Android. This research identifies five types of indigenous mushrooms growing on OPEFB: Auricularia polytricha, Volvariella volvaceae, and Pleurotus ostreatus, which are edible mushrooms. At the same time, due to their toxicity, Collytoybe decembris and Coprinus comatus belong to non-edible mushrooms. The biodiversity characteristics of indigenous mushrooms growing on OPEFB are low for diversity index (0.460), dominance index (0.428), and wealth index/species richness (0.517), while the evenness index is classified as moderate (0.660). These results show that decomposed OPEFB has bioeconomic potential due to the various indigenous mushrooms, which then be developed as functional food sources or medicinal plants.
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