atherothrombosis, cardiogenic embolism, arterial dissection, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, vasculitis syndrome etc. 4 Although the association between anemia and acute ischemic stroke has been reported, anemia is not well recognized as a potential cause of stroke and peripheral ischemia. We herein report one case of two serial events: peripheral ischemia and stroke in an elderly man that was caused by AF in conjunction with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Case reportA 72-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with numbness, pain, coldness and pallor of his right forearm and hand that begun approximately one hour ago and persisted. He complained of ache and intense pain thereafter and noticed pallor at the fingers and palm of his right hand. His past medical history included cholecystectomy, appendectomy, benign prostate hypertrophy, choroidal polypoidal vasculopathy, and cataract bilaterally. He smokes and his family history was negative for neurological or hematologic diseases. Three years ago, mild anemia appeared (Hct: 38%, MCV: 75Fl), which was attributed to iron deficiency. The patient underwent endoscopic evaluation with gastroscopy, colonoscopy and MRI enterography, but no bleeding site was revealed. He was suggested to take orally iron replacement but did not comply due to gastrointestinal discomfort. One month ago, an episode of atrial fibrillation was recorded, incidentally by his attending pneumonologist on clinical examination. It was confirmed by HCG, lasted a few minutes and it was terminated spontaneously.