This article discusses the masculinity of John Dillinger as the main male character inPublic Enemies Film (2009); directed by Michael Mann, and produced by Universal Pictures. This film is clearly described that men who appear strong, physically attractive, charming, and smart fall into the category of masculine.This study used descriptive qualitative method by using Janet Saltzman Chafetz’s concept of masculinity in seven areas or forms such as the physical image, the function in life, the sexual aggressiveness, the emotion, the intelligence, the personality, and other personality characteristics. In the first part of analysis, the research reveals the characteristics of John Dillinger utilizing Edward Jones’ Characterization theory, before assigning them to the seven areas or forms of Chafetz’s concept of masculinity.The result shows that the main male character,John Dillinger adjusts his characteristics based on the person he interacts with.John Dillinger as the main male character in Public Enemies film defines his position as a man in the society in the 1930s. He plays andtakes a dominant role as a leader for his gang members; his lover, Billie Frechette,by caring, protecting, and supporting them. On the other side, Dillinger is apathetic against the authority. He also takes pride in his reputation, and believes that he can achieve ambitions to be on top of the world.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.7814

Abstrak Maskulinitas adalah bagian dari kajian gender. Untuk memahami maskulinitas, kita perlu mengidentifikasi laki-laki sebagai pusat dari kajian ini dari beberapa aspek. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai hubungan kepemilikan senjata sebagai simbol dari pencapaian maskulinitas laki-laki. Kemudian dalam artikel juga mengungkapkan mengenai berbagai macam sumber dan karya sastra bahwa memiliki senjata bisa memberikan kesan kekuatan dan maskulinitas (kelaki-lakian). Cerpen dengan judul “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” adalah contoh karya sastra yang mengambarkan kepemilikan senjata api sebagai sesuatu hal yang mendukung atau memberikan kemaskulinitasan pada laki-laki. Senjata api ditangan bisa berarti kekuatan dalam diri laki-laki. Hal ini digambarkan oleh tokoh utama (Dave Saunders) yang mengaggap senjata api sebagai simbol dari kehormatan. Sejalan dengan cerita pendek ini, ada beberapa banyak penyalahgunaan senjata api yang dilakukan demi meraih kehormatan (dihargai) dan maskulinitas dalam lingkungannya. ---Abstract Masculinity is a part of gender studies. To understand masculinity, it needs to identify man as the center of the study from various aspects. Here within the article, it would be discussed about the relationship between possessing arms (gun) as the symbol of earning men’s masculinity. Then, it is implied from many sources and literary work, that possessing arms might give the impression of strength and masculinity. The short story entitled “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” is the example of literary work that gun possession will support someone in gaining his masculinity. Gun in hands means power or strength inside a man. It was showed by the protagonist (Dave Saunders) who considered gun as the symbol of respect and the real man thing (being masculine). Align with the short story, there are many gun violence happened in the name of gaining the identity of being called masculine and respect from people.

Exploring the way Orcs are portrayed in the Bright film are the focus of this research and futher analyzing the ideology within. This research uses the qualitative research method to help answering the research questions on how Orcs are represented in Bright and how representations reflect the ideology of the text. Additionally, Hall’s representation and ideology theories are applied in the process to provide an insight into the research problems. The research found that Orcs in Bright are constructed in a very like ways as African Americans as they are portrayed as the designated bad guys, targets for animalization and victims of police brutality which match the image of African Americans in American society. These portrayals of Orcs leads to the discussion of Orcs’ poor social standing in society in comparison to other races in the film and in result reflects the ideology the text tries to convey that is black inferiority, as shown by the way the American system and society treated them. Overall, this research can be used as a reference for researches on representation of African Americans and racial allegories in literature.

This article discusses the masculinity of the female characters, Sally Alexander and Jo Robinson, in the film Misbehaviour. Thus, this article aims to analyze the masculinity within women by focusing on the characters’ analysis of Sally Alexander and Jo Robinson. The article uses a descriptive qualitative method and takes the data from the film in the form of captured scenes and dialogues. The article uses the theory of character and characterization from Boggs and Petrie to find out the masculine characteristics of Sally and Jo and also the concept of masculinity by Peter Lehman to support the argument. Based on the findings, this research shows that Sally and Jo live in a patriarchal society and establish characteristics that can be considered masculine. Sally’s ambitious, forward-thinking, well-organized, activeness, and negligence, and Jo’s daring, indiscipline, nonchalance, aggressiveness, and independence, establish their masculinity in the form of courage, heroism, and leadership, appearance, and other behaviors, for instance, smoking. Moreover, their characteristics have both merits and shortcomings. Indeed, their experience, environment, and societal factors influence their masculine characteristics

Masculinity is recognized as a social value that regulates how a man should or should not behave. Those who do not meet the ideal characteristics such as strong, powerful, dominant, aggressive, and others, in some circumstances, will be considered as toxic masculinity. This article aims to explore how masculinity traits and toxic masculinity are presented in a short film directed by Michael Rohrbaugh entitled American Male (2016). This film looks at the gender norms which are emerged in a society by showing a muscle-up man who portrays masculine standard traits. The main character in the film is portrayed as a man who is strong, competitive, and violent. The method used is a qualitative content analysis based on the concept of masculinity by Janet Saltzman Chafetz. The results show that American Male is a medium used to convey how masculine norms has ruined the society. As it is socially and culturally constructed, men must be engaged with it. Men must be masculine. Even more, men who do not fulfill the traits are considered either losers or gays. Toxic masculinity subsequently forces men to fulfill masculinity. The traits are socially regressive and lead to violence, patriarchy, domination, and homophobia. In conclusion, the main character becomes depressed, violent, and stereotyped as a result of toxic masculinity.Keywords: male domination, masculine traits, men suppression, toxic masculinityMaskulinitas Toksik dalam American Male Karya Michael RohrbaughAbstrakMaskulinitas diakui sebagai nilai sosial yang digunakan untuk mengatur bagaimana seorang laki-laki harus berperilaku. Bagi mereka yang tidak memenuhi ciri ideal dari seorang lelaki seperti kuat, mendominasi, agresif, dan lain sebagainya, akan dianggap sebagai laki-laki sejati yang mana standar tersebut akan dianggap menjadi maskulinitas toksik. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana karakteristik maskulinitas dan maskulinitas toksik ditampilkan dalam film pendek American Male (2016) yang disutradarai oleh Michael Rohrbaugh. Film ini mengkaji bagaimana norma gender yang muncul di masyarakat dengan memperlihatkan seorang laki-laki berotot yang mengikuti berbagai karakteristik maskulinitas. Karakter utama dalam film tersebut digambarkan sebagai pria kuat, kompetitif, dan kasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis konten kualitatif dan konsep maskulinitas dari teori Janet Saltzman Chafetz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa American Male (2016) merupakan media yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan bagaimana norma maskulin telah merusak masyarakat. Karena norma tersebut dibangun secara sosial dan budaya, laki-laki harus terlibat di dalamnya. Laki-laki harus maskulin. Lebih dari itu, laki-laki yang tidak memenuhi sifat-sifat tersebut dianggap pecundang atau homo. Maskulinitas toksik selanjutnya memaksa laki-laki untuk memenuhi maskulinitas. Ciri-ciri tersebut regresif secara sosial dan mengarah pada kekerasan, patriarki, dominasi, dan homofobia. Kesimpulannya, karakter utama menjadi tertekan, kasar, dan distereotipkan sebagai akibat dari maskulinitas toksik.Kata kunci: maskulinitas toksik, karakteristik maskulinitas, dominasi laki-laki, penindasan pria