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Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a condition of middle ear characterized by recurrent or persistent discharge through a chronic perforation of tympanic membrane. CSOM causes mild to moderate conductive hearing loss in more than 50% of cases. As there is mild to moderate conductive deafness, this in turn in children is likely to affect language and cognitive development. CSOM produces chronic mastoiditis by contiguous spread. If untreated it can lead to irreversible local destruction of middle ear structures and various intracranial and extra cranial complications. The organisms causing CSOM and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics varies in different regions and also changes over time. Therefore it is important to study the organisms causing CSOM and their susceptibility pattern at regular intervals to see the pattern of organisms prevalent in patients with CSOM in that particular region and their antibiotic susceptibility to start empherical treatment for patients with CSOM by clinicians. Objectives: To determine the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of organisms causing chronic suppurative otitis media. Materials and Methods: Ear swabs collected from patients of suspected CSOMduring the period of 1 year from January 2018 to December 2018 were included in the study. Samples were processed for routine microscopy and culture and the organisms were identified by standard methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per CLSI (Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram's stain and biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed by CLSI recommended by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 132 ear swab samples, 114 yielded growth. 18 samples showed no growth. Most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus 43(37.7%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32(28.1%). Other organisms isolated include Klebsiella spp12(10.6%), Coagulase negative staphylococci 11(9.6%), Proteus spp 8(7%), E scherichia coli 5(4.4%) and Citrobacter spp 3(2.6%). Amikacin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin were found to be effective against most of Gram positive and negative organisms. Conclusion: CSOM is a disease of middle ear which if not given timely treatment can lead to irreversible ear damage and intracranial and extracranial complications. Identification of organisms causing CSOM and appropriate antibiotic sensitivity pattern is helpful in the treatment of CSOM and reduce complications. Hence in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the knowledge of bacterial organisms causing CSOM and their antimicrobial pattern in that particular area help clinicians in choosing appropriate antibiotics for the empherical treatment of CSOM.

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Adolescence is the significant period in the life of a woman. Menstrual disturbances are the commonest presenting complaint in adolescent age group and unhygienic practices during menstruation can lead to untoward consequences like pelvic inflammatory disease and even infertility. To study the knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2018 to December 2018 among 100 adolescent girls who attended adolescent clinics at Urban Health Training centre of KBNU Medical College, Kalaburagi. The mean age of participants was 16.2 ± 2.1 SD. only 26% of participants were aware about menstruation before menarche. Majority (91%) of participants had knowledge about use of sanitary pads during menstruation but only 78% used them. The most common reason for non usage was the cost of pads (68%). The method of disposal was satisfactory among 62% of participants and 84% of participants change their pads /cloth pieces 2-3 times per day. Restriction of diet during menstruation was seen in 40% and 30% missed school during their periods. Although there was good knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls, practice needs to improve. Health education sessions at urban health clinics and schools involving mothers of these adolescent girls can aid to overcome socio cultural practices of restricting movement and diet restrictions during menstruation.