Zusammenfassung. Wir gehen der Frage nach, inwiefern Geschlechtsunterschiede in Noten darauf zurückgeführt werden können, dass Lehrkräfte bei Jungen eine geringere Selbststeuerung im Lernen wahrnehmen als bei Mädchen. Bei 1533 Mädchen und Jungen aus 78 vierten Grundschulklassen wurden Halbjahresnoten für Deutsch und Mathematik, standardisierte Testleistungen im Lesen und in Mathematik sowie Einschätzungen der Selbststeuerung im Lernen durch die Klassenlehrkraft erhoben. In Deutsch konnten die besseren Noten, die Mädchen auch nach Kontrolle ihrer Lesekompetenz-Testleistungen hatten, teilweise durch die stärkere von der Lehrkraft wahrgenommene Selbststeuerung im Lernen erklärt werden. Für Mathematik waren die Ergebnisse weniger klar interpretierbar. Nach Kontrolle des Einflusses der Testleistungen ergab sich keine Ungleichbenotung der Geschlechter. Wurden jedoch zusätzlich die Einschätzungen der Lehrkräfte zur Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler herauspartialisiert, so wurden Jungen in Mathematik relativ besser bewertet als Mädchen. Wir diskutieren, inwiefern diese Befunde auf tatsächliche Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Selbstregulationsfähigkeit oder aber auch auf Geschlechtsstereotype der Lehrkräfte zurückgehen.
Adults’ ratings of children’s personality have been found to be more closely associated with academic performance than children’s self-reports. However, less is known about the relevance of the unique perspectives held by specific adult observers such as teachers and parents for explaining variance in academic performance. In this study, we applied bifactor (S–1) models for 1411 elementary school children to investigate the relative merits of teacher and parent ratings of children’s personalities for academic performance above and beyond the children’s self-reports. We examined these associations using standardized achievement test scores in addition to grades. We found that teachers’ unique views on children’s openness and conscientiousness had the strongest associations with academic performance. Parents’ unique views on children’s neuroticism showed incremental associations above teacher ratings or self-reports. For extraversion and agreeableness, however, children’s self-reports were more strongly associated with academic performance than teacher or parent ratings. These results highlight the differential value of using multiple informants when explaining academic performance with personality traits.
Abstract. Personality is a relevant predictor for important life outcomes across the entire lifespan. Although previous studies have suggested the comparability of the measurement of the Big Five personality traits across adulthood, the generalizability to childhood is largely unknown. The present study investigated the structure of the Big Five personality traits assessed with the Big Five Inventory-SOEP Version (BFI-S; SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel) across a broad age range spanning 11–84 years. We used two samples of N = 1,090 children (52% female, Mage = 11.87) and N = 18,789 adults (53% female, Mage = 51.09), estimating a multigroup CFA analysis across four age groups (late childhood: 11–14 years; early adulthood: 17–30 years; middle adulthood: 31–60 years; late adulthood: 61–84 years). Our results indicated the comparability of the personality trait metric in terms of general factor structure, loading patterns, and the majority of intercepts across all age groups. Therefore, the findings suggest both a reliable assessment of the Big Five personality traits with the BFI-S even in late childhood and a vastly comparable metric across age groups.
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