Introduction: Dengue infection is one of the worldwide problems with an increasing rate. Dengue virus (DENV) belonging to Flaviviridae family carries a positive single strand RNA, consists of four serotypes, gives rise to dengue shock syndrome, undifferentiated fever (DF), and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Unfortunately, there is no licensed drug available for various serotypes and the vaccine candidates are still under investigation. Flavonoids are a group of important phytochemicals of many plants used against various viruses. Therefore, the present study was designed to screen the subset of plant flavonoids against the DENV NS2/ NS3 protease of 3L6P and 2VBC of serotype 1 and serotype 4 respectively by in silico docking. Methods: Flavonoids were subjected to docking study using AutoDock Vina. The lead molecule was further investigated for its dengue viral protease inhibition. Further the cytotoxicity of lead molecule was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) study was performed using OSIRIS software. Results: The flavonoids amentoflavone, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, avicularin, reynoutrin, silymarin and scutallarein showed potential interactions in both serotype 1 and serotype 4 and hence these flavonoids can be served as potential lead candidates to stop viral replication. Amentoflavone, the lead molecule, showed potential in-vitro protease inhibition activity and also the concentration was below the minimal effective level for the in-vitro cytotoxicity test conducted. Conclusion: This finding has laid the groundwork for eventual identification of these flavonoids in developing potential inhibitor candidates for further development by in-vitro extraction and chemical modification methods.

Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), Cinnamonum tamala (Bay leaf), Cinnamonum cassia (Cinnamon bark) are well known plants in India. All three plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites that find use as antimicrobial agent, in pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food and agriculture industry. In regards of antimicrobial activity, green silver nanoparticles were synthesised by using these plants aqueous extract (25%w/v). For silver nanoparticle synthesis different concentration of plant extract were mixed with AgNO3 solution and exposed to sunlight and estimated by the UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Powdered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were dissolved in autoclaved distilled water at different concentration (20mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml, and 2.5mg/ml) and performed antimicrobial activity through agar well diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles of all three plants were showed antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition zone increased with increasing concentration of all three plants (S. aromaticum, C. tamala and C. cassia) AgNPs, so maximum inhibition zone was observed at 20mg/ml for both pathogens. At higher concentration, the inhibition zone of E. coli were 2.25 ±0.05, 1.7 ±0.1 and 1.85 ±0.05 cm in presence of S. aromaticum, C. tamala and C. cassia AgNPs respectively. Although, The presence of phytochemical terpenoids, tannin and glycosides are was confirmed by the chemical reagent test. In modern era, the nanoparticle based medicine is explored in pharmaceutical and medical science. Therefore this green synthesis of silver nanoparticle can be explored in pharmaceutical science.

HCV (Hepatitis C virus) infection leads to complex liver diseases