Citrus essential oil, commonly, known as lime oil, has been widely reported in traditional system of medicine. Industrially, oil is isolated by mainly by hydrodistillation from fruit and peel of Citrus aurantifolia, family, Rutaceae. Cultivation practice of citrus plants dates back for over 4000 years and are one of most valuable fruit crops in the world. In this review, we aim to summarise the phytochemical and biological properties of citrus oil. The literature was collected from various online resources such as e journals, books and magazines. The citrus essential oil is globally used in food industry to impart citric flavour and odour to cuisines. Llime juice and oil is known to possess multiple biological properties including anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antityphoid and hepatoprotective properties. Due to potent antibacterial and antifungal properties, citrus oil is becoming important component of skin care products. The medicinal importance of plant is due to presence of various secondary metabolites, alkaloids, carotenoids, coumarins, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids. The citrus oil is rich in aromatic compounds namely, monoterpenes and their derivatives, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols such as limonene (58.4%), β-pinene (15.4%), γ-terpinene (8.5%), citral (4.4%) and others. The bitter taste and aroma of citrus fruit peels is attributed to limonoids. p-caryophyllene constitute 5.7% of all the sesquiterpenes. On the basis of the available information, we conclude that citrus oil possess huge potential to be developed into pharmaceutical products.

Background: Vitex negundo Linn. commonly known as five leave chase tree is an ethnobotanically important drug in traditional system of medicine. The plant is widely distributed in India, China and other Asian and American countries. Objective: The review aims at presenting comprehensive information with respect to ethnopharmacological rele-vance and recent findings on phytochemical and biological activities of Vitex negundo. Method: Literature was collected from various sources such as pubmed, scopus, science direct, and others. Results: Extracts and secondary metabolites of this plant, particularly those from roots and leaves, possess useful pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, galactagogue, antigas-tric, antiflatulant, antiparasitic, analgesic, hepatoprotective and antihypertensive, some of which have been vali-dated scientifically. All parts of plant especially leave and roots contain a large number of bioactive phytoconstitu-ents including flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, volatile oil, terpenes, coumarins, phenolic and steroidal compounds which impart it multiple medicinal properties. Vitexin, isovitexin, viridifol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and iso-chlorogenic acid are the main components. Conclusion: The review emphasises the medicinal importance of Vitex negundo and its bioactive constituents in traditional system of medicine.

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Background: Dandruff is a frequently occurring scalp problem that causes significant discomfort to approximately 50% population at some stage of life, especially post-puberty and pre-adult age. Objective: This review aims to summarize the recent findings regarding the anti-fungal properties of herbal essential oils against pathogens involved in dandruff prognosis. Methods: A literature search of studies published between 2000 and 2020 was conducted over databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science direct. Literature was explored using the guidelines given in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Dandruff, characterized by clinical symptoms of dryness, pruritis, scaly, and flaky scalp, is considered a pri-mary manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis. Amongst various etiological and pathophysiological factors, a significant role of yeasts, primarily species of Malassezia, Candida, has been strongly correlated with dandruff. At the same time, incidences of M. furfur, M. restricta, and M. globosa are high compared to others. Due to relapse of symptoms with the withdrawal of conventional anti-dandruff products. Essential oils of herbal origin, such as tea tree oil, lime oil, rose-mary oil, have gained global importance in dermatology. These oils are rich in secondary aromatic metabolites, espe-cially terpenes and phenolic components that impart substantial antimicrobial properties and resisting biofilm produc-tion. Conclusion: Based on the available information, we can conclude that essential oils have tremendous potential to be developed as anti-dandruff products; however, further studies are warranted to establish their efficacy in dandruff cures.