Background: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of different ocular pathologies in theslum-dwelling population of central India and to find its correlations with socio-demographic factors.Methodology: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 84 slum areas across Bhopal,Jabalpur and areas in the vicinity using a camp-based approach during the study period of 3 years.A total of 15478 participants attended the camp, and of them, 6177 patients had variousophthalmological conditions. A detailed history was obtained, and participants were subjected to acomplete ophthalmological examination. Based upon their diagnosis, they were prescribedtreatment. Referral to the tertiary care centre was done when needed. Results: The prevalence ofocular morbidities was 39.9%. The most common ocular morbidity documented in our study wasrefractive errors (22.7%). Proportions of lid pathologies were significantly higher in patientsbelonging to less than ten years of age (36.4%). In contrast, refractive errors were observed inhigher proportions of patients belonging to more than ten years of age (p<0.05). Pterygium ratiowas significantly higher in males, whereas ocular malignancies were higher in females (p<0.05).Proportions of almost all the ocular morbidities were substantially higher in patients with lowsocioeconomic status (p<0.05). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of ocular morbidities in theslum population is high. The most common ocular morbidity includes refractive error and allergicconjunctivitis. These morbidities correlated with age, gender and socioeconomic status. Werecommend periodic screening of the slum population across all age range to prevent long termcomplications and disabilities.

The present study aimed to study the effectiveness of B scan in assessing the posterior segment in patients with ocular trauma, so that further treatment plan can be decided and prognosis can be improved. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study at tertiary care centre during the study period of 1 year on 42 patients presenting with history of ocular trauma. Patients were subjected to detailed history and ocular examination followed by B scan ultrasonography for ruling out posterior segment pathology. Mean age of 42.7±20.2 years and 45.2% patients belonged to 41 to 60 years of age. About 54.8% cases were females. About 50% cases had one or the other posterior segment finding. Retinal detachment followed by vitreous hemorrhage were the most common findings, observed in 19% and 11.9% cases respectively. Avulsion of optic nerve was the least common finding (2.4%). B scan ultrasonography plays an important role in management of patients with ocular trauma for the detection of hidden posterior segment lesions. B scan must be performed routinely in all the cases of ocular trauma for early diagnosis and appropriate management of each case and to reduce the ocular morbidities.

The prospective study was carried out at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, medical college, Jabalpur, from 2017-2020, on 30 recipients, who underwent penetrating keratoplasty. The results of the surgery were studied prospectively over a period of 6 months, with follow up at 7 days, 1 month, month and 6 months. Study design: Longitudinal follow up. In our study, penetrating keratoplasty done for optical indications (67%) resulted in fairly good visual outcome, compared to those done for therapeutic indications (23%). The most common complication was corneal vascularisation (56%), and least common was secondary glaucoma (6.66%).

This study was conducted to evaluate the visual field changes in tubercular patients on anti-tubercular therapy and to assess the reversibility of these changes after the discontinuation therapy. This study was conducted as a prospective analytical study at tertiary care centres in Bhopal and Jabalpur on all newly detected tuberculosis patients. Ocular history, relevant history was recorded and detailed ocular examination was done at the time of presentation, before initiating ATT. All the patients were followed up periodically till the cessation of treatment and three months thereafter. A total of 40 cases of newly diagnosed tuberculosis were registered with mean age of 38.4±13.99 years. We documented significant deterioration in visual acuity after 3 months of initiation of therapy. Once the ATT was stopped, the improvement in visual acuity was statistically significant 3 months after the cessation of ATT as compared to visual acuity 3 months after initiation of ATT (p&#60;0.05). But residual visual impairment even after stoppage of ATT was observed. Color vison and visual field defects were observed in higher proportions of eyes following initiation of ethambutol which improved significantly after 3 months of cessation of ATT (p&#60;0.05). Ethambutol, even in recommended dose according to DOTS, has been associated with ocular toxicity which manifests in the form of painless progressive loss of vision, color vision defects and visual field defects. Though these changes are usually reversible, few patients have irreversible damage. Thus, patients receiving ethambutol must be explained regarding these effects and followed up periodically.