Quantum dots (QDs) have been exploited for a range of scientific applications where the analytes can be expected to have significant photoluminescent properties. Previously, the applications of QDs as nanosensors for the detection of toxics in biospecimens, especially in cases of poisoning, have been discussed. This review focuses on the applications of QDs as biosensors for the detection of phytotoxins, vertebrate and invertebrate toxins, and microbial toxins present in biospecimens. Further, the role of QDs in the measurement of biochemical parameters of patient/victim as an indirect method of poison detection is also highlighted.

Glue sniffing" deaths are on the rise due to easy availability of products containing industrial solvents such as toluene and xylene, therefore necessitating their detection in post mortem blood and viscera. In such cases where analyte quantity is low, direct instrumental analysis, such as Head Space Gas Chromatography 1 , may not be feasible. In two separate cases of death, one due to "glue sniffing" and another due to accidental toluene inhalation respectively, a simple method for effective extraction from post mortem blood and viscera by direct distillation as isopropanol azeotropes and subsequent screening with GC-FID has been described.