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: Mannich bases identified by Professor Carl Mannich have been the most extensively explored scaffolds for more than 100 years now. The versatile biological roles that they play have promoted their applications in many clinical conditions. The present review highlights the application of Mannich bases as cytotoxic agents, categorizing them into synthetic, semisynthetic and prodrugs classes and gives an exhaustive account of the work reported in the last two decades. The methods of synthesis of these cytotoxic agents, their anti-cancer potential in various cell lines and promising leads for future drug development have also been discussed. Structure-activity relationships along with the targets on which these cytotoxic Mannich bases act have been included as well.

Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to infection. However, when allowed to continue unchecked, inflammation may result in autoimmune or autoin-flammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disease, or cancer. A variety of safe and effective antiinflammatory agents are available, including aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories with many more drugs under development. Other anti-inflammatories currently in use or under development include statins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, PPAR agonists, and small RNAs. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant activities of the aqueous (CFA) were assayed in wistar albino rats. The extracts were found to posses significant anti-inflammatory effect in both acute and chronic models. Cassia fistula Linn has many therapeutic uses. Therefore, we aimed to study its anti-inflammatory activity. The aqueous extract of dried fruits of Cassia fistula Linn was prepared. The antiinflammatory activity of these extracts was investigated using the CFA-induced paw edema model in rats. It was observed that extracts of dried fruits Cassia fistula Linn showed anti-inflammatory activity. This aqueous extract showed maximum antiinflammatory activity at 400 mg/kg dose. It showed maximum percentage inhibition of 41.15%, which was comparable with the positive control, diclofenac sodium, which showed 47% inhibition. Further, the acute toxicity study with the extracts showed no sign of toxicity up to a dose level of 2000 mg/po. Thus it could be concluded that cassia fistula bark extracts (CFA & CFM) possess significant antiinflammatory and anti oxidant properties. The present study reveals that the aqueous extracts of fruit of Cassia fistula Linn can be used as anti-arthritic drug.

Synthetic drugs show major side effects, as well as the fact that they have been discovered to be extremely harmful to human assistance, many synthetic medications claimed to be used for treatment are of the least interest today. Therefore, herbal medicines have acquired prominence in recent decades. This review's primary objective is to give a complete overview of three distinct species of the Genus Atalantia mainly Atalantia monophylla (Roxb) DC, Atalantia racemaosa Wight, Atalantia wightii Tanaka. The Genus Atalantia belongs to Rutaceae family and there are 22 accepted species of which three species are selected because these are available in Western Ghat region of Maharashtra, these species have ethnopharmacological significance and many of their facets are still unexplored. The Atalantia genus is utilized in conventional medicine to treat a diverse array of ailments like fever, rheumatic pains, cough, allergy, swelling, and as a blood purifier, etc. The current work is a comprehensive analysis of the published literature on phytochemical and pharmacological reports of the above species of Atalantia genus in an effort to deliver comprehensive information and suggest future research avenues. Out of these three species, Atalantia monophylla has received the most research attention but the remaining two species are not much explored. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential application of these three species as herbal medicine. The plant characteristics, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities are summarized as a guide for phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.