Background: Pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is a heterogeneous and severe group of disorders with a high mortality rate. Patients with PIPO often develop malnutrition and need long-term nutrition support. This study aimed to determine the nutrition status, particularly micronutrients, during the long-term follow-up of patients with PIPO.Methods: Fifty-eight patients with PIPO were followed up for at least 6 months between January 2008 and December 2020 in our hospital. PIPO was diagnosed based on the European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition consensus. Data on clinical characteristics, medical and surgical management, nutrition support, serum vitamins, and mineral concentrations were collected. The patients were divided into the early-onset PIPO (EO-PIPO; neonatal-onset) and late-onset PIPO (LO-PIPO; infant-or child-onset) groups. Results: The mean follow-up was 29.5 months (6-153 months). The overall survival rate was 63.8% (37 out of 58 participants) (EO-PIPO, 48.6% [17 out of 35 participants]; LO-PIPO, 87.0% [20 out of 23 participants]). Mortality in the EO-PIPO group was higher than in the LO-PIPO group (P = 0.002). Twentyone patients died, of which 18 (85.7%) patients had EO-PIPO and 14 (66.7%) patients died under 1 year of age. Infection was the major cause of death.Severe malnutrition was observed at baseline and during follow-up in 25 (43.1%) and 6 (16.2%) patients, respectively. At baseline and during follow-up, the zinc deficiency rates were 29.6% and 26.3%, and those of vitamin D were 26.9% and 52.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Zinc and vitamin D deficiencies are common in patients with PIPO during follow-up. Therefore, additional supplements should be recommended.

Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) infections have become a public health issue with time, especially, because of antibiotic abuse now. This study was aimed at elucidating the situation and clinical characteristics of MDR-GNB infectionsof a representative neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in China.Methods Patients infected with MDR-GNB were collected between January 2017 and May 2022 in our hospital. Patient data on sex, premature delivery, gestational age, high-risk factors before delivery, delivery mode, invasive operation, premature rupture of membranes, routine blood test results, and outcomes were collected.Results Four hundred and twenty-five MDR-GNB were found in 242 patients. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most commonly detected organisms (78.4% and 15.3%, respectively). Two hundred and seventeen extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected. Only 11 cases (2.6%) of infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were detected in 2 patients, and nine were Klebsiella pneumoniae, two were Escherichia coli. Among these 242 patients, 131 (54.1%) and 111(45.9%) patients showed colonization and infection, respectively. Sixty-seven patients had sepsis, and 55 of these patients developed sepsis due to infection with MDR-GNB. Birth weight < 1500 g was the risk factor for infection (p = 0.006, OR 3.338, 95%CI 1.418–7.858). And whose mothers had fever before delivery (p = 0.022, OR 2.679, 95%CI 1.153–6.221) and the birth weight less than 1500g (p = 0.029, OR 2.768, 95%CI 1.107–6.918) were the risk factors for sepsis.Conclusions Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common MDR-GNB detected in NICU patients. Low birth weight and mothers had fever before delivery were the risk factors for sepsis to patients with MDR-GNB in NICU.