We study the alignment of radio galaxies axes using the FIRST catalogue. we impose several cuts in order to select the candidates which are most likely to be free of systematic bias. In our study we primarily focus on testing for alignment among sources within a certain angular separation from one another since for most sources redshift information is not available. We find a very significant effect for angular distances less than 1 degrees. The distance scale of alignment is found to be roughly 28 Mpc, in agreement with earlier estimates, assuming that these sources are dominantly at redshift of 0.8. However, we are not able to entirely rule out the possibility of systematic bias in data. We also perform a full three dimensional analysis using a smaller data sample for which redshift information is available. In this case we only find a very weak signal at much larger distances.

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SUMMARYGenetic diversity analysis helps in identification of the diverse genotypes for hybridization purposes and to derive desirable segregants. Knowledge on the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity present in the crop species will play an important role in formulating a successful breeding programme. In this regard a field experiment was conducted to study the genetic diversity analysis for yield and yield contributing characters using 149 germplasm accessions of foxtail millet. Based on D² values, a total of 149 genotypes were grouped into 15 clusters, among these clusters, cluster I was the largest with 134 genotypes followed by cluster VIII with 2 genotypes whereas remaining 13 were solitary clusters. Maximum intra cluster distance among the genotypes was recorded by cluster I having 134 genotypes followed by cluster VIII with two genotypes. The maximum intra cluster distance in the cluster I indicated the genotypes in this cluster were relatively more diverse than the genotypes within other clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was found between clusters IX and XIV followed by cluster VI and XIV, while it showed least distance between clusters II and cluster V followed by clusters III and VI, thus it can be concluded that, considerable diversity existed among 149 lines. The per cent contribution of yield and yield contributing characters to total divergence among nineteen characters were recorded. It showed that maximum contribution towards divergence was recorded by number of tillers per meter row length and 1000 seed weight followed by number of productive tillers/plant, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, grain yield/hectare and plant height indicating the major role of these characters in building up diversity and differentiating inter cluster levels. All the 149 genotypes were spread over fifteen clusters and means were scored across the clusters for all the nineteen characters. Cluster IV with overall score of 78 across the nineteen characters secured first rank followed by cluster VI, cluster I and cluster IX indicating the presence of most promising genotypes in them and can be extensively used for further breeding programme to generate new material.

Background The death rate was overwhelmingly high during COVID 19 pandemic with very few treatment options and the main cause leading to death being the cytokine storm.Monoclonal antibodies like Tocilizumab ( IL-6 receptor inhibitor) was said to be an effective treatment option in severe COVID 19 patients with increased inammatory markers. Objectives To determine the outcome of monoclonal antibodies in COVID 19 patients. To determine the risk of mechanical ventilation in patients who are treated with monoclonal antibodies in COVID 19 patients. Methods A retrospective study conduction during the second wave of COVID 19 in India (Sri Devraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka ) . The study includes 2 groups - one treated with Tocilizumab and the other not treated with Tocilizumab. Chi-square test or Fischer's exact test (for 2x2 tables only) was used as test of signicance for qualitative data. Results 106 patients observed were divided into 2 groups of 53 ensuring similar baseline characteristics. While one group of 53 was treated with IV Tocilizumab (TCZ group) and the other group was not treated (Non - TCZ group). Signicant difference was found with regard to mortality (p value - 0.032) in the TCZ and Non TCZ groups (Mortality rate - 41.5% vs 62.3% ). Additionally while the patients who needed invasive ventilation in Tocilizumab was lower than that of Non Toclizumab group (52.8 % vs 71.7 %) it was not statistically signicant (p = 0.071). Conclusion Based on the observations in this study, patients treated with Tocilizumab had signicantly better survival rate .The impact of Tocilizumab on the risk of mechanical ventilation in this Cohort is not conclusive.