Katewongsa, et al.: Cetirizine Dihydrochloride and β-Cyclodextrin Complex by Ethanol KneadingCetirizine dihydrochloride has a very unpleasant bitter taste. To mask the bitter taste, complexation with β-cyclodextrin using ethanol as a kneading solvent was investigated and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, simultaneous X-ray diffractometry-differential scanning calorimetry measurement and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Taste was evaluated by human volunteers using an unstructured line scale. The basic characterization of the prepared tablets including in vivo disintegration time and drug dissolution was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry data confirmed the inclusion complex formation. Thermogravimetric analysis, simultaneous X-ray diffractometry-differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed the reduction of crystalline β-cyclodextrin due to the displacement of water molecules from complex formation. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated an intermolecular interaction between protons of cetirizine dihydrochloride with the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The prepared complex showed an unstructured line scale with apparent low average rating of 1.70. The inclusion complex-loaded fast disintegrating tablet prepared with direct compression had short disintegration time and good taste with an unstructured line scale with average rating of 0.28. Cetirizine dihydrochloride, β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was successfully prepared by kneading method using ethanol as solvent. The inclusion complex-loaded fast disintegrating tablet had good taste and good perception in the mouth.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the applicability of yam (Dioscorea sp.) starch and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch as suspending agents in suspension. Paracetamol was used as a model drug because of its low solubility. It was found that the optimal concentration as suspending agent in paracetamol suspension was in the range of 7-8% for yam starch and 5-6% for arrowroot starch. All formulations were stable within the period of study with pH of 5.4-6.9. These results were comparable to those obtained from the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium CMC) which is a common suspending agent. It could be concluded that yam starch and arrowroot starch showed suspending activity in paracetamol suspension and could be applied as commercial suspending agent.

No abstract

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is gaining wide popularity in the scientic eld and among the public. The purpose of this research was to develop the non-aqueous hair gel by dispersing hydrophilic colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) or hydrophobic colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil R 972) into virgin coconut oil and to determine the effect of Aerosil type on physical properties of prepared hair gel. Texture analysis and satisfied evaluation of prepared system were also conducted. At a suitable amount of Aerosil 200 and Aerosil R 972, the three-dimensional network led to the immobilization of a dispersing medium. The viscosity of the prepared gel was increased as the amount of Aerosil 200 or Aerosil R 972 was increased. However, the viscosity of gel containing Aerosil 200 was apparently higher than system prepared from Aerosil R 972. The rheological behavior of these gels depended on type and concentration of colloidal silicon dioxide. From texture analysis, the hardness and adhesion of systems comprising Aerosil 200 were higher than that containing Aerosil R 972 with concentration dependence. Satisfied evaluation by a panel consisting of human volunteers demonstrated that the developed non-aqueous virgin coconut oil gel could be used as the hair setting gel.

Disintegrants had influence on disintegration time and dissolution for fast disintegrating tablet (FDTs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of disintegrant type on the characteristics of FDTs. In this research, the tablets were fabricated by direct compression with the compression force of 1.5 tons and using the different disintegrants components (chitin, chitosan, xylitol, microcrystalline celluloses, white bentonite and magnabite F). The physical properties of these tablets were determined. The xylitol tablets were rapidly disintegrated within 7+1 s, whereas that of the others was longer than 30 mins. The tablets containing the mixture of xylitol and other materials were subsequently fabricated since the hardness of the xylitol tablet was very poor. The disintegration time and wetting time of tablets containing 9:1 xylitol:Avicel PH101 was shorter than that of the others. The contact angle of tablets containing xylitol and Avicel PH101 at the ratio of 9:1 was lowest and surface free energy (SFE) of them was highest compared with the other formula. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed that xylitol and tablets containing 9:1 xylitol:Avicel PH101 had no disordered arrangement, therefore it could promote the disintegrating property effectiently.