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A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed rectangular-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for application in the D -Band frequency regime. The Dielectric Resonator (DR) is designed to operate in higher order modes. A rectangular-shaped narrow slot is used to excite the DR element, leading to multiple resonances. The resulting structure is a multi-resonant antenna operating at six frequencies at 123.64 GHz, 125.76 GHz, 127.4 GHz, 129.9 GHz, 134.9 GHz and 137.7 GHz frequencies. These are identified as TE10δ1, TE7δ5, TEδ31, TEδ25, TEδ31 and TEδ35 modes of operation of the resonator, respectively. These resonances are merged to achieve a -10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging between 122.58 GHz and 139.51 GHz, equivalent to 13.4% at a center frequency of 125.76 GHz. Moreover, the antenna possesses a stable radiation pattern in the broadband direction, across the entire frequency band of operation. Simulation results show that the antenna has a peak gain of 12.3 dBi, maximum directivity of 13.14 dBi and maximum efficiency of 84% at a frequency of 126 GHz. Simulated results show that the proposed design has potential and suitability for utilization in future wireless communications.

Cognitive radio (CR), which is a common form of wireless communication, consists of a transceiver that is intelligently capable of detecting which communication channels are available to use and which are not. After this detection process, the transceiver avoids the occupied channels while simultaneously moving into the empty ones. Hence, spectrum shortage and underutilization are key problems that the CR can be proposed to address. In order to obtain a good idea of the spectrum usage in the area where the CRs are located, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) can be used. Hence, the primary objective of this research work is to increase the realizable throughput via the cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing (CBCSS) algorithm. The proposed scheme is anticipated to acquire advanced achievable throughput for 5G and beyond-5G Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Performance parameters, such as achievable throughput, the average number of clusters and energy, have been analyzed for the proposed CBCSS and compared with optimal algorithms.