We study the interplay of electric and magnetic order in the one dimensional Heisenberg spin-1/2 XXZ chain with large Ising anisotropy in the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (D-M) interaction and with longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields, interpreting the D-M interaction as a coupling between the local electric polarization and an external electric field. We obtain the ground state phase diagram using the density matrix renormalization group method and compute various ground state quantities like the magnetization, staggered magnetization, electric polarization and spin correlation functions, etc. In the presence of both longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields, there are three different phases corresponding to a gapped Néel phase with antiferromagnetic (AF) order, gapped saturated phase and a critical incommensurate gapless phase. The external electric field modifies the phase boundaries but does not lead to any new phases. Both external magnetic fields and electric fields can be used to tune between the phases. We also show that the transverse magnetic field induces a vector chiral order in the Néel phase(even in the absence of an electric field) which can be interpreted as an electric polarization in a direction parallel to the AF order.

The present study was aimed to appropriateness of NSAIDs use with secondary objectives of assessment of co-prescription with gastro-protective agents, the nature and severity of adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions with an intention to prevent the inappropriate use of NSAIDs. A prospective study was carried out in 400 In-patients of various departments of the hospital during the 6 months period. Results: Out of 400 patients, 237 were male and 163 were females, in which most of the patients (63.5%) were belonging to age group of 21-50years. The major complaint of the patient was arthritic pain (25.5%). Most of the patients (77%) were prescribed single NSAID as monotherapy in different dosage forms, although some patients were prescribed with combination of Aceclofenac + Paracetamol (13.75%). The preferential COX-2 inhibitors were widely prescribed (84.5%) as compared to non-selective COX inhibitor (15.5%). Among various NSAIDs prescribed, Diclofenac (45.90%) and Aceclofenac (15.96%) were mostly prescribed. NSAIDs were mostly prescribed by parenteral route (36.31%). Most of the patients were co-prescribed NSAIDs with gastro-protective agents (80.5%). In the study, moderate drug interactions were found between NSAIDs and antibiotics and no adverse drug reactions were reported during the study. The study concluded that, prescription of NSAIDs was found to be rational. Education program, counselling program, alertness of community pharmacy regarding OTC drugs can be helpful to minimize harmful effect of the drug to patients.

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Drug interaction represents a major problem in day-to-day practice. The incidence of adverse reactions increases almost exponentially as the number of drugs co prescribed rises, and this is in part due to interaction. This study was aimed to study the incidence of polypharmacy induced drug interactions with corticosteroids and their severity. A prospective observational study was carried out in 211 In-patients from various departments of the hospital during 6 months and subjected to statistical analysis. Out of 211 In-patients, 142 (67.3%) were male and 69 (32.7%) were female, A with maximum (44.9%) belonging to geriatric age group. Most of patients were prescribed with more than 6 drugs. The numbers of prescriptions having drug interactions with corticosteroids were 111, with majority (49.5%) of them were from general medicine ward. A total of 154 drug-drug interactions were found among these prescriptions including 124 moderate, 21 major and 9 contraindicated interactions. Most of the prescriptions (75) were having atleast 1 interaction and 28 prescriptions were having 2 interactions. Out of these interactions, 17, 75, and 62 were having excellent, good and fair scientific evidence. Regarding the onset of these drug-drug interactions, 74(48%) were with delayed onset, 43(27.9%) were unspecified and 37(24%) were with rapid onset. Dexamethasone with ciprofloxacin, tramadol, moxifloxacin, diclofenac, pantoprazole, theophylline were the most encountered combinations. A high prevalence of polypharmacy and drug interactions with corticosteroids was identified in our study. Since concurrent drugs can potentiate irreversible adverse effects of corticosteroids, a regular therapeutic intervention is necessary.

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