BACKGROUND: High incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) and increased incidence of complications from DM as well as the use of less effective antidiabetic drugs and high financing to treat demands alternative therapy. AIM: This study was conducted to determine the difference in the effect of Arabica coffee gayo bean and leaf extract on blood sugar levels in healthy mice before and after the intervention of extract and fasting and postprandial blood glucose level after consumption of glucose. METHODS: This research is an experimental research study. The study used experimental animals which were divided into 8 groups which are the control group (Aquadest), group given Acarbose, the group given the Arabica coffee gayo bean extract with dosage of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg in healthy mice, the group given the Arabica coffee gayo leaf extract with dosage of 30 mg, 60 mg and 120 mg in healthy mice. RESULTS: The results of the study obtained are before and after the intervention of extract showed the difference of p= 0.523 and after consumption of glucose the fasting and postprandial result showed the difference of p = 0.005. CONCLUSION: The use of Arabica coffee gayo bean and leaf extract showed a high decrease in blood glucose levels (BGL) compared to the control group.

The use of standard antiplatelet therapy for cardiovascular disease patients has many side effects. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Propolis and Bee Pollen, two bee products, as antiplatelet and in comparison with Aspirin. This is an experimental study with posttest only control group design. The samples were 32 mice, divided into 4 groups: placebo, administration of aspirin (10.4 mg/kg-bw/day), Propolis (65 mg/kg-bw/day), and Bee Pollen (68 mg/kg-bw/day). The study was conducted for 12 days and the suspensions were given orally. The bleeding time was then measured using tail-bleeding technique. The data collected was bleeding time in seconds. All samples completed the study. The mean bleeding time for placebo, Aspirin, Propolis and Bee Pollen groups were 106.1, 442.9, 310.1, and 203 in seconds respectively. ANOVA and Bonferroni tests showed a significant difference between Propolis and placebo groups (p=0.003), no difference between Propolis and Aspirin groups (p=0.100), no difference between Bee Pollen and placebo groups (p=0.442), and a significant difference between Bee Pollen and Aspirin groups (p=0.000). Administration of Propolis in mice showed prolongation of bleeding time while Bee Pollen did not prove to have antiplatelet effects.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality continues to increase. Various studies have shown aspirin can reduce CVD mortality but has adverse side effects. Research on a comparison between aspirin and honey has not been done, but both have antiplatelet effects. AIM: This study is aimed to prove the antiplatelet effects on honey and compare the antiplatelet effects of aspirin with honey based on the bleeding time in mice. METHODS: This study is a true experimental design with a post-test only control group using 32 male mice, Double Ditsch Webster, ± 3 months old, the weight of 20-30 g, divided into 4 groups. Consisting of a negative control group (placebo), aspirin and honey. The suspension has given orally for 12 days using the probe. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine, the University of North Sumatra in September until December 2015. The data collected was bleeding time in mice. Data analysed by Shapiro Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. RESULTS: The mean bleeding time was a placebo (102.88 seconds), aspirin (369.38 seconds) and honey (304.63 seconds). Mann Whitney test showed significant results in the aspirin and honey groups against the control group (placebo) with p = 0.001. There were no significant differences in the aspirin group against honey (p = 0.172). Honey has an antiplatelet effect in mice. The mean bleeding time in mice given honey is longer or closer to the mean bleeding time in the aspirin group. CONCLUSION: The results could be used as a basis for further research to determine its use in humans with cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia to encourage researchers to continue to develop detection techniques are easy, inexpensive and minimally invasive. This study is expected to answer the challenge. Detection tool used in this research is the detection devices use traditional breath acetone levels of chitosan-based sensors. Acetone breath sensor works based on the chemical interaction between the breath of patients with diabetes and acetone sensor surface, which causes a change in the electrical response. AIM: This study was cross-sectional using diabetes mellitus patients as research subjects by measuring breath acetone levels and HbA1c and KGD as a comparison. METHODS: Research conducted at the primary health care facilities network services the University Hospital of North Sumatra. A total of 58 diabetic patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The relationship between the measurements analysed using Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: Measurements showed that statistically there is a great relationship between breath acetone levels with or KGD HbA1c levels in the diabetic patient with each R = 0.05 and p = 0.708 for the relationship acetone breath and HbA1c and R = 0.1 and p = 0.445 for the relationship acetone breath and KGD. However, clinically there is a linear relationship between increased levels consistent acetone in the breath with increased HbA1c levels as well as levels of KGD. CONCLUSION: Examination of breath acetone levels can be considered as an indicator of diabetes detection.