BACKGROUND Pain should be controlled before dental procedure, which is an essential step in reducing anxiety and fear. Local anaesthesia plays an important role in pain control before any endodontic treatment. Most common technique used to anaesthetize mandibular molar teeth during endodontic procedure is inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique with 2% lidocaine. 1 METHODS 60 patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molar were selected, and were given buccal infiltration combined with intraligamentary injection by either 4% articaine (1:100000 epinephrine) or 2% lidocaine (1:80000 epinephrine) with 30 patients in each group. Endodontic access will be initiated 5 mintues after the deposition of infiltration and intraligamentary injection technique. Success will be defined as no pain or no more than mild pain before treatment, during endodontic access and instrumentation which will be measured on visual analogue scale. The Mann Whitney test was used to compare anaesthesia success between the groups.

Background: Mastering indirect vision has been a common challenge to undergraduate and postgraduate dental students. Aim: This study assessed the usefulness of Vasundhara's mirror exercise (V-ME) Shield and Sheets for learning indirect vision among dental students. Materials and Methods: One hundred 2 nd year undergraduate students participated in the study who had just started their preclinical operative exercises. All the participants of the study group were asked to prepare a Class I amalgam cavity on maxillary left first molar typodonts followed by evaluation by a single evaluator. Then, all the participants were exposed to 21 days' practice of indirect vision exercises for 15 min using V-ME Shields and Sheets under supervision. Again, all the participants were asked to prepare a Class I amalgam cavity in maxillary left first molar typodonts followed by evaluation by the same evaluator. All the participants were asked about the usefulness of the device by requesting them to fill out the feedback form. The entire results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance ( P < 0.05) using IBM SPSS (version 21.0) software. Results: Students after being trained with the V-ME device performed better in indirect vision. According to the results obtained it is concluded that indirect vision can be mastered by practice and it also helps in precision work in clinical practice. Conclusion: V-ME shields and sheets are novel, simple, and cost-effective way to start practicing mirror vision skills during preclinical studies and to improve neurophysiological adaptation.

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Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three-dimensional information of the maxillofacial skeleton, including the teeth and their surrounding tissues with a significantly lower effective radiation dose compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The system overcomes many of the limitations of conventional radiography by producing undistorted, three-dimensional images of the area under examination. These properties make this form of imaging particularly suitable for use in endodontics. The clinician can obtain an enhanced appreciation of the anatomy being assessed, leading to an improvement in the detection of endodontic disease and resulting in more effective treatment planning. In addition, CBCT operates with a significantly lower effective radiation dose when compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The aim of this paper is to review current literature on the applications and limitations of CBCT in the management of endodontic problems.

BACKGROUND Obturation voids have a potential to allow leakage through the sealer mass. Single cone obturation technique is more prone to have voids, as the volume of sealer used is larger as compared to other techniques. Aim-To compare the area of voids in Endoseal MTA, pulpdent and AH Plus sealers when employed with SC obturation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a randomised controlled study. Forty-five teeth were cleaned, shaped and divided into three groups for SC obturation using Endoseal MTA, AH Plus and pulpdent sealers, respectively. Teeth were sectioned at apical, middle and coronal third. Stereomicroscope, digital image and image software were used to assess the area of sealer voids. SPSS software and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyse the results. RESULTS The three tested sealers showed voids in all the sections except Endoseal, which was void free in apical and middle sections. There were significant differences between these sealers regarding their section wise area of voids (P < 0.05). Similarly, Endoseal MTA showed the least overall area of voids followed by AH Plus and there were significant differences in their overall mean area of voids (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SC obturation with Endoseal MTA, which showed void free apical and middle-third sections had significantly least area of voids in the sealer followed by the one with AH Plus sealer, whereas pulpdent sealers showed maximum area of voids.