Pd/CC catalyst was synthesized from readily available biomass-derived d-glucose. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, 13C cross polarization NMR, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. This catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity toward the synthesis of industrially important 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and fructose. The process is simple, efficient, green, and industrially feasible. Oxidation of HMF proceeded in 85% yield, and dehydration of fructose followed by oxidation gave 64% yield of FDCA with 100% purity using Pd/CC catalyst and molecular O2 as an oxidizing agent under aqueous reaction conditions. The one pot two step procedure is highly efficient for synthesis of FDCA from fructose as it avoids isolation of HMF and requires a single catalyst for two different steps. FDCA finds utility in next-generation bioplastic poly­(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), which is a replacement for fossil-fuel-based poly­(ethylene terephthalate) (PET).

A novel metal free acid−base (CC-SO 3 H-NH 2 ) catalyst was synthesized by introducing acidic −SO 3 H, −COOH, and silyloxypropylamine (−OSiCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) functional groups on glucose derived carbocatalyst. The catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) analyses. Superior catalytic activity was shown by the catalyst toward one-pot synthesis of DFF using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. The catalyst was found to be highly selective in synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) from hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), fructose, and, more importantly, from glucose with excellent yields. Moreover, the catalyst was easily recycled and reused without any significant loss in its catalytic activity.

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