“…The molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) possesses a hydroxyl group and an aldehyde group at the 2,5 positions of the furan ring, which enable it to perform different types of reactions, such as hydrogenation, [2,3] oxidation, [4,5] rearrangement, [6] decomposition [7] and polymerization. [8] HMF can be converted to value-added fine chemicals and liquid fuels, such as levulinic acid, [7] 2,5-furandialdehyde (DFF), [9,10] 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). [11,12] Among them, DFF is one of more attractive products.…”