INTRODUCTIONCervical cancer is common world-wide and ranks third among all malignancies for women. Eighty percent of cancer cervix are seen in developing countries, where it is the commonest cancer in woman. 1 In India women at risk for cervical cancer are 432.20 million, annual number of cervical cancer cases is 122,844, annual number of deaths is 67, 4773.2 It has been estimated that an average woman under 40yrs of age has 2% chance of developing cervical carcinoma. Studies show that cervical carcinoma does not develop suddenly from normal epithelium but is presented by a spectrum of intraepithelial neoplasia, if these lesions were untreated; up to one third of them would develop into carcinoma.No form of cancer better documents the remarkable effects of prevention, early diagnosis, and curative therapy on the mortality rate than cancer of the cervix. The accessibility of the cervix to pap testing and visual examination (colposcopy) as well as the slow progression from precursor lesions to invasive carcinoma (typically ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the most common, preventable cancer and does not develop suddenly from normal epithelium but is presented by a spectrum of intraepithelial neoplasia. Pap smear is an ideal screening and low cost effective test to detect intraepithelial neoplasia especially in developing countries but has limitations and needs confirmation by histopathology. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of pap smears as screening test in cervical lesions by comparing with histopathology. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care centre in Department of pathology from October 2012 to September 2014. A complete clinical history and demographic status of the subjects was recorded. Conventional pap smears were reported adopting Bethesda system and biopsies were taken in cases of epithelial cell abnormality, routinely processed and stained with H&E. Results: Total number of pap smears analysed were 356. NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy) constituted major group 248/356 (69.64%) and epithelial cell abnormality were 98/356 (27.5%). In the present study overall sensitivity was 94.11% specificity 64.28% positive predictive value 82.75%,negative predictive value 85%,diagnostic accuracy 83.33%,concordance rate 78.2% and P value <0.001. Concordance rate for CIN I was 78.9%, for CINII and CINIII 60% and for squamous cell carcinoma 100%. Conclusion: Pap smear is simple, inexpensive and can be performed in the outpatient department. Hence, it should be recommended routinely as a method of improving reproductive health, early detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions.

Background: Post placental intrauterine contraceptive device use in India showed that most women were satisfied with their choice of immediate insertion of an IUCD and the rates of complications were relatively low. The large proportion of women accepting the method to limit future childbearing indicates the important place post placental IUCD hold. This study was done to evaluate the acceptance of intrauterine contraceptive device as an immediate family planning method following delivery. The complications associated with it were identified and continuation rates were assessed. Methods: Women admitted for delivery in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Only women who fulfilled the medical eligibility criteria were included in the study. Results: A total of 4209 women were counseled of which 780 (18.5%) women accepted the method, 3429 declined. Out of the 780 cases, 764 came for follow up, and 16 were lost to follow up, spontaneous expulsion was seen in 2 (0.2%) cases, removal was done on request in 1 case and continuation was seen in 761 (97.56%) women. Conclusions: The Post placental intrauterine contraceptive device is safe to insert immediately after delivery. It has good acceptance with minimal expulsion and very high continuation rates.

Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis sometimes referred to as goitrous thyroiditis is a synonym of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or autoimmune thyroiditis. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) is one of the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism, it is found most commonly in middle aged and young female, but can also occur in other age groups, including children. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis can be graded based on cytomorphology. In this study an attempt has been made to correlate the grades with clinical findings, biochemical levels and ultrasonography findings. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 309 patients in the Department of Pathology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. The various parameters like patient’s clinical presentation, biochemical levels and thyroid ultrasound were studied. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid gland and grading of thyroiditis was done on smears. The grades were correlated with above parameters and the correlation indices were evaluated statistically. Chi-square tests were used for statistical correlation and p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the patients were females (297, 96.11%) who commonly presented with a diffuse goiter (263, 85.11%). Asymptomatic cases (193, 62.46%) and elevated TSH (194, 62.78%) were common. Most of the cases had grade I/II disease (299, 96.76%) by cytology. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple, safe and cost effective procedure and is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in diagnosing chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Cytological grading of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis helps in assessing the severity of the disease and can predict the thyroid functional status. A combined approach of cytological grading of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis along with ultrasonography and biochemical levels can detect subclinical hypothyroid states and provide a guide to therapy. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(4.000): 523-531

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (garment nevus) is a kind of congenital malformation of neural crest cells with size greater than 20 cm. Malignant melanoma may develop in 2-31% of these lesions. The objective of this paper is to present a unique case of giant nevus which is rare. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(3.000): 317-319