Background: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity that affected to the children’s occupational performance  in their activities.  Individuals suffering from this disorder have a delayed development of visual-motor integration, difficulty participating in learning activities including writing readiness and poor academic progress. This research aims to (1)  determine the effect of visual-motor integration activity interventions on writing readiness in ADHD children (2) find out the demographics of ADHD children based on age, gender and education. Methods: The design of  this study was conducted a one group  pre-experimental study using a pretest -posttest design.  Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique. There were 35 samples consisting of 15 women and 20 men. The research instrument was the Beery DTVMI. Data analysis with paired parametric comparison test (paired sample t-test). Results: This study are (1) visual-motor integration activity interventions have a positive and significant effect on the writing readiness in ADHD children (p = 0,001). (2) ADHD children in YPAC Surakarta Occupational Therapy  Clinic is dominated at the age of 5-6 years (54.3%). (3) Most of the ADHD children in the YPAC Surakarta Occupational Therapy Clinic were male (57.1%). (4) The education level of ADHD children in Surakarta YPAC Therapy Occupational Clinic was at the kindergarten level (51.4%). Conclusion: This study is visual motor integration activity interventions be able to  improve writing readiness in ADHD children.

Comparison of NDT, Combined NDT & SI, Standing-Balance. There upon, the purposes of the study are: (1) to determine the effects of NDT in the standing- balance trainings, (2) to determine the effects of combined NDT and Sensory Integration application in standing-balance training, (3) to compare the effects of treatment a combined NDT and sensory integration application versus sole NDT application in standing-balance training for children with special needs. The study is a pre and post-test experimental study design that compares two treatment groups. The first group received solely the NDT applications only while the other one received a combined NDT and sensory integration approach as the treatments. Sixteen Balance Test was used as a measurement instruments, which were conducted prior to and following the treatments in each group. Data were analyzed with the use of the parametric pair wise comparison test (paired sample t-test) and a parametric test(independent sample t-test) was used to investigate the compatibility of the data in the two groups before treatments. The last and above test was conducted adjacent to the fact that normal data distribution was founded. The study results are: (1) a sole NDT application improves the standing-balance ability amongst the children (p = 0.000). (2)The combination of NDT methods and Sensory Integration improves the standing- balance ability amongst children with special needs (p = 0.000). (3) The combination of NDT methods and Sensory Integration is proven to be better in developing standing- balance ability than just sole applications of NDT methods; in terms of improvingstanding-balance ability (p = .0.002) within children with special needs

Background: The elderly phase is the last stage of development over every human life span. The process starts as infant phase followed by children, adults, old and elderly. Thorough out the elderly phase, there are significant decreases of tissue functions, yet it hampers the ability for body to repair any possible body damages. The decreasing functions in the elders, especially the cognitive functions would affect their functional independence in the long run. Method: A quantitative pre-experimental design with type one-group pre test-post test that compared the average scores between pre and post cognitive training, with no any control-group involved. The sampling technique used was purposive. Inclusion criteria were elders above 60 years old with good level of consciousness (place, time, person), and have no severe cognitive problems. The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of cognitive training on cognitive ability of the elders in Sobokerto Village Ngemplak Boyolali subdistrict and also to depict the elders’ population demographic based on age, gender and education. Data analysis was done with the use of quantitative analysis of paired sample t-test as the data is normally distributed. Sources of research data are presented in the form of: (1) primary data from examination results by using MMSE instruments, (2) secondary data from archives and documents. The techniques used to collect data were plain tests, observations and document studies. The outcome of the research is cognitive training module used thorough out the intervention programs. Result: this study are: (1) There is a clear evidence of positive result of cognitive training on cognitive ability of the elders (p = 0.001), (2) age distribution of elderly in Sobokerto Village Ngemplak subdistrict Boyolali Regency were dominated by age of <75 years (66.7%), (3) the total population of the elders in Sobokerto Village, Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali regency are (83.3%), (4) the education level amongst the elders in Sobokerto village, Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali regency are mostly junior high school (38.9%). Conclusion : There was a positive influence and significant cognitive training on cognitive abilities of the elderly in the village of Sobokerto Ngemplak Boyolali

Background: The elderly phase is the last stage of development over every human life span. The process starts as infant phase followed by children, adults, old and elderly. Thorough out the elderly phase, there are significant decreases of tissue functions, yet it hampers the ability for body to repair any possible body damages. The decreasing functions in the elders, especially the cognitive functions would affect their functional independence in the long run. Method: is a quantitative pre-experimental design with type one-group pre test-post test that compared the average scores between pre and post cognitive training, with no any control-group involved. The sampling technique used was purposive. Inclusion criteria were elders above 60 years old with good level of consciousness (place, time, person), and have no severe cognitive problems. The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of cognitive training on cognitive ability of the elders in Sobokerto Village Ngemplak Boyolali subdistrict and also to depict the elders’ population demographic based on age, gender and education. Result: this study are: (1) There is a clear evidence of positive result of cognitive training on cognitive ability of the elders (p = 0.001), (2) age distribution of elderly in Sobokerto Village Ngemplak sub-district Boyolali Regency were dominated by age of <75 years (66.7%), (3) the total population of the elders in Sobokerto Village, Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali regency are (83.3%), (4) the education level amongst the elders in Sobokerto village, Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali regency are mostly junior high school (38.9%). Conclusion : There was a positive influence and significant cognitive training on cognitive abilities of the elderly in the village of Sobokerto Ngemplak Boyolali