In current study, transforaminal steroid injection group has better symptomatic improvement for both short and long term as compared to interlaminar and caudal steroid injection group.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with standalone tricortical iliac crest autograft versus stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Methods: Prospectively collected data of 60 patients in each group were compared.Results: There was statistically significant improvement noted in postoperative Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (MJOA) follow-up scores with comparison pairs of preoperative versus 6 months, preoperative versus 1 year, and 3 months versus 6 months, 3 months versus 1 year in both groups. But improvements in MJOA scores were statistically insignificant between 6 months and 1 year (P ¼ .0639) for the autograft group when compared with PEEK cage group (P ¼ 0001). The mean loss of segmental lordosis on follow-up X-ray for the autograft group was (5.89 + 2.90 ), which was significantly higher (1.88 + 2.77 ) than the mean loss seen in the PEEK cage group (P ¼ .01). This was most evident between 6 months and 1 year, resulting in plateauing of the improvement in MJOA score between 6 months to 1 year in the autograft group. While there was no statistical difference between fusion rates between the groups for 1 and 2 levels of ACDF, overall fusion rates were significantly better for 1-level ACDF (95.74%) when compared with 2-level ACDF (76.00%). Conclusion: ACDF with PEEK cage is the fusion technique of choice for cervical fusion with fewer complications and better functional recovery in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Introduction:We present a case series of six cases of intradural disc herniation at L4–L5 level diagnosed on the basis of intraoperative findings.Result:All our cases, on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reported as having diffuse annular bulge with large posterocentral extrusion. Our study comprised patients in age group of 30–60 years. Four cases out of six presented with cauda equina syndrome. In three cases, cauda equina was associated with sudden deterioration in the power of lower limb muscle groups.Discussion:We suspect that intradural herniation of disc was synchronous with cauda equina syndrome in these cases, which was very well documented in one of the cases. On retrospective analysis, MRI findings of mass effect in the form of displacement of the traversing nerve roots due to large central disc with crumble disc sign were suggestive of early evidence of intradural disc herniation. Y sign in ventral dura due to splitting of ventral dura and arachnoid mater by disc material was a good diagnostic sign to suspect intradural extra-arachnoid disc. The presence of hypointense structure inside the dura with no continuity with the adjacent intervertebral disc on MRI was highly suggestive of an intradural disc.Conclusion:Intradural disc prolapse remains a diagnostic dilemma as it is very difficult to diagnose all the cases preoperatively. The presence of above-mentioned radiological signs on MRI in patients having the large central disc on MRI, especially at L4–L5 levels, should raise suspicion of intradural herniation of disc.

Background Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) has an array of modalities described for its management. The present study analyzed two modalities used for managing the condition. Methods The present study included 64 non-athletes with LET who failed conservative treatment that included avoiding strenuous activities, ice-fomentation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bracing, and physiotherapy for 6 months. A random allocation of the participants was done, with one group injected with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the other group with corticosteroids. The procedure was performed by the same blinded orthopedic surgeon after localizing the pathology using ultrasound. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) scores, and handgrip strengths were recorded by blinded observers other than the surgeon administering the injection. Results The average age of the patients was 40 years. The mean VAS score at the latest follow-up of 2 years in the PRP group was 1.25 and it was significantly better than the score of 3.68 in the steroid group ( p < 0.001). The mean DASH score at the latest follow-up of 2 years in the PRP group was 4.00 and it was significantly better than the score of 7.43 in the steroid group ( p < 0.001). The mean PRTEE score at the latest follow-up of 2 years in the PRP group was 3.96 and it was significantly better than the score of 7.53 in the steroid group ( p < 0.001). The scores were better in the steroid group at a short-term follow-up of 3 months ( p < 0.05), while they were better in the PRP group at a long-term follow-up of 2 years ( p < 0.05). Hand-grip strength was comparable in the PRP group (84.43 kg force) and steroid group (76.71 kg force) at the end of the 2-year follow-up with no statistically significant difference ( p = 0.149). Conclusions Corticosteroid injections alleviated symptoms of LET over short-term follow-up providing quicker symptomatic relief; however, the effect faded off over the long term. PRP injections provided a more gradual but sustained improvement over the long-term follow-up, indicating the biological healing potential of PRP.

Heterotopic Osification (HO) commonly occurs in the hip and elbow joint post, trauma, surgery or dislocation. HO can occur anywhere in the body, and the term Heterotopic Ossification of Ligaments and Tendon (HOTL) is specifically used to denote HO occurring in ligaments and tendons. HOTL of an annular ligament is reported rarely in the literature. Here we describe a case of calcified annular ligament in a neglected monteggia fracture (Bado Type e 1), which was managed by excision and reconstruction of the same using triceps fascia. Post-op review after 2.5 years showed a stable elbow, with some restriction in pronation.