Electrochemistry offers opportunities to promote single-electron transfer (SET) redox-neutral chemistries similar to those recently discovered using visible-light photocatalysis but without the use of an expensive photocatalyst. Herein, we introduce a microfluidic redox-neutral electrochemistry (μRN-eChem) platform that has broad applicability to SET chemistry, including radical-radical cross-coupling, Minisci-type reactions, and nickel-catalyzed C(sp2)–O cross-coupling. The cathode and anode simultaneously generate the corresponding reactive intermediates, and selective transformation is facilitated by the rapid molecular diffusion across a microfluidic channel that outpaces the decomposition of the intermediates. μRN-eChem was shown to enable a two-step gram-scale electrosynthesis of a nematic liquid crystal compound, demonstrating its practicality.

A metal‐free, adorable, cascade protocol for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines at room temperature using benzylamine derivatives and 1‐(2‐aminoaryl)pyrrole has been performed. This synthetic protocol involves oxidation of benzylamine derivatives into respective aldehydes followed by condensation with 1‐(2‐aminoaryl)pyrrole in PEG‐400 as a green and reusable solvent using K2S2O8 as an oxidant. The transition metal free as well as ligand free synthesis along with broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance and good to excellent yield of products makes it environmentally and economically viable.

Zirconium oxide (ZrO ) thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique using precursor solution of zirconyl chloride octahydrate 2 o (ZrOCl .8H O) on glass substrate at 450 C. The effects of concentration of precursor solution on the structural and optical properties of ZrO 2 2 2films were investigated. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The films were amorphous in nature at 0.025 M concentration and it was observed that crystallinity increases with increase in concentration of precursor solution. The crystalline films exhibited cubic zirconium oxide (c-ZrO ) phase. The surface morphology of the films was strongly 2 influenced by the concentration of the precursor solution. The EDX study confirmed the existence of Zr and O. The TEM images showed nanosized as well as agglomerated ZrO particles with the average particle size < 20 nm. The well-crystallized cubic phase of the films was 2 further enlightened by selected area electron diffraction patterns. The UV-vis study showed that the optical band gap values were decreased with decrease in concentration of precursor solution. The formation of zirconium oxide was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy.

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