Background: Undoubtedly, stroke is an important public health problem as well as an important precursor of mortality and morbidity. It also leads to loss of disability adjusted life years as it causes long term severe disability. The objective of this study was to study association of lipoprotein (a) in ischemic stroke patients with matched controls.Methods: This is a prospective case controlled study. The study group includes 100 stroke patients consecutive admitted in medicine/neurology departments of our hospital, and 50 patients as control group admitted for nonvascular diseases. The ethical committee clearance was obtained from the appropriate authority appointed by the institution. Detailed history taking and neurological examination were done in all patientsResults: This case-control study shows that ischemic stroke patients have higher levels of Lp (a) as compared to that of controls. Thus, people with high Lp (a) levels may have higher predilection for developing ischemic stroke. Lp (a) levels do not correspond to stroke severity stroke in our study. Thus, higher Lp (a) levels do not lead to more severe type of stroke. Lp (a) levels do not correlate with the outcome of stroke, hence Lp (a) level may not be a good indicator for assessing prognosis or predicting mortalityConclusions: This case-control study shows that ischemic stroke patients have higher levels of Lp (a) as compared to that of controls. Thus, people with high Lp (a) levels may have higher predilection for developing ischemic stroke factors for stroke like diabetes, smoking and hypertension do not predisposed to higher Lp (a).

Background: Stroke is the number one cause of disability and third leading cause of death in the world after heart diseases and cancer with an incidence approximately 150 to 200 in 100,000. The objective of this study was to study how the pattern of stroke in elderly differs from that of younger population.Methods: This is a prospective observational comparative study of stroke patients done over a period of one year at ACPM Medical College, Dhule. We studied 100 consecutive patients of stroke admitted in neuro-medicine department of this hospital. We have studied the risk factors, incidence, pattern, severity, complication and outcome of stroke in Geriatric age group compared to stroke in younger age group. The individuals who were 60 and above (≥60) are included in the ‘geriatric group’ and those below 60 were considered as ‘younger patients’. Those more than 85 years were classified as ‘very elderly’.Results: There is an increased incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in geriatric population compared to younger people. Statistically there is increased incidence of ischemic stroke compared to hemorrhagic stroke in geriatric age group. PAC subtype of stroke has highest predilection to develop in both age groups and also PAC is the most common subtype of stroke leading to stroke related complications in geriatric population. There is no statistically increase incidence of severe stroke seen in elder age as compared to the younger people.Conclusions: The geriatric population does not have a poorer stroke outcome as compared to younger people. There is also no statistically significant difference in mortality rate in stroke patients between geriatric vs. younger age group.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are a global pandemic, with cases reported from practically every country. The majority of information and studies regarding ophthalmic manifestations in India reflects the pre-HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) era. India may be going through an intermediate stage, where the spectrum of the ophthalmological manifestations may be changing significantly. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to study the age and gender distribution in HIV patients presenting with various ocular manifestation and to correlate the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count with various ocular manifestation of AIDS. Materials and Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 patients. Ocular manifestations and WHO clinical stage of HIV were noted and CD4 count was calculated. The participants were followed up for at least 6 months on monthly basis when they come to take ART tables or as required for any ophthalmic disorder presented by patient. Any manifestation during this months was included in post HAART group. CD4 count after 6 months was taken into account in post HAART group. Results: Males predominated females. The number of males in Pre HAART was 60.8% and post-HAART 59.4%. Mean CD4 count in pre-HAART was 140.63 and post-HAART was 221.93. Majority (34 patients) in pre-HAART had CD4 count between 100 and 150, while in post-HAART, majority had count more than 200 (57 patients). Conclusion: Mean CD4 count of pre-HAART group patients raised significantly. Mean CD4 count of pre-HAART group is 140.63 with SD of 63.4, while it increased in post-HAART group to 222 which is statistically highly significant.