The microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 C thermal energy equivalent have been analyzed properly using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The research was aiming to generate binding or active sites points on the outer surface of the ACBMPs body of which commonly plays an important role in both adsorption and catalytic processes. It was observed that around 150 nm up to 400 nm in average diameter super macro voids with many various turns of nano-scale wells, and around 1.84 angstrom (Å) up to 15.98 Å intraparticle pores were generated. In addition, the parallel planes spacing of the carbonaceous framework sheets, namely d hkl in Miller indexes terminology, of about 4.44 Å up to 2.98 Å constructed the inner particles of the ACBMPs body. A new nomenclature method for the binding or active site shapes identification and classifying them into four categories based on the quadrants terminology, i.e. quadrant one (Q1), two (Q2), three (Q3) and four (Q4) is proposed. Each the quadrants contains four categories of turns types, i.e. sharp, semi sharp, obtuse and non-significant turns depending on the angle of the associated turn in radian angle, θ. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasonic and thermal energy treatments in fabricating ACBMPs could generate binding or active site points with unique shapes as a transit terminal for any guest molecules, in this context is methyl red (MR) molecules to enter into the suitable intra-particles pores of the ACBMPs body.

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ABSTRAKSumber protein yang umum untuk unggas, tepung ikan dan bungkil kedelai, digiling untuk memperkecil ukuran partikel. Bahan yang sudah digiling selanjutnya dilarutkan dengan air suling (1 : 4 b/v) dengan ditambah 2 mL virgin coconut oil untuk setiap 500 mL larutan sebelum diproses dengan ultrasound transducer (ultrasonic bath) untuk memperoleh protein partikel mikro. Penurunan ukuran partikel protein merupakan satu cara yang dapat meningkatkan penggunaan protein pada unggas. Sebanyak 180 ekor broiler digunakan untuk uji force feeding dan dan 10 ekor lainnya untuk koreksi endogenus pada saat ayam berumur 1,5 bulan (45 hari). Protein mikropartikel tepung ikan dan bungkil kedelai dalam bentuk mash dan pellet diuji secara terpisah dan dibandingkan dengan protein asli masing-masing. Rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan (bentuk asli, mash, pellet) dan 6 ulangan (@10 ekor) digunakan untuk masing-masing partikel bahan. Kecernaan protein dan asam amino esensial, dan retensi kalsium (Ca) merupakan parameter yang diamati. Analisis variansi dan uji Duncan digunakan untuk analisis data. Pellet protein mikropartikel tepung ikan dan bungkil kedelai masingmasing menghasilkan kecernaan protein dan asam amino, dan retensi Ca nyata (P<0,05) paling tinggi, meskipun ditemukan sedikit asam amino dengan kecernaan lebih rendah pada kedua bahan bentuk mash. Kesimpulan bahwa bentuk pellet protein mikropartikel tepung ikan dan bungkil kedelai meningkatkan kecernaan protein dan asam amino, dan retensi Ca pada broiler. Kata kunci: broiler, bungkil kedelai, kecernaan asam amino, protein mikropartikel, tepung ikan ABSTRACTCommom protein sources for poultry, fish meal and soybean meal, were ground to obtain reduced particle size. The particle was then dissolved in distilled water (1 : 4 w/v), and added with 2 mL virgin coconut oil for every 500 mL solution prior to ultrasound transducer (ultrasonic bath) treatment to obtain protein microparticle. Reducing particle size is one possible way to increase protein utilization. 180 birds were used for forced feeding and 10 other birds were plotted for endogenous correction, when they were one month and a half old. Microparticle protein of both ingredients were tested separately in either mash or pelleted forms and compared to intact protein. Completely randomized design with 3 treatments (intact, mash, and pellet) and 6 replications (10 bidrs each) was arranged for the respective ingredient. Protein and essential amino acid digestibilities, and calcium retention were the parameters measured. Analysis of variance continued to Duncan test were applied to statistically evaluate the data. Pelleted microparticle protein of fish meal and soybean meal, respectively, resulted in significantly (P<0.05) Amino Acid Digestibility of Pelleted Fish Meal and Soybean Meal in Broilers (N. Suthama et al.) 169 highest protein and amino acids digestibilities, and Ca retention although lower disgestibility of fewer amino acids was found in mash form. In conclusion, pelleted form of microparticle protein of e...

<p>This paper presents a characterization of an integrated ozone generator constructed by seven of reactors of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP). DBDP a has spiral-cylindrical configuration. Silence plasma produced ozone inside the DBDP reactor was generated by AC-HV with voltage up to 25 kV and maximum frequency of 23 kHz. As a source of ozone, dry air was pumped into the generator and controlled by valves system and a flowmeter. We found ozone concentration increased with the applied voltage, but in contrary, the concentration decreased with the flow rate of dry air. It was also found that a maximum concentration was 20 mg/L and ozone capacity of 48 g/h with an input power of 1.4 kW. Moreover, in this generator, IP efficiency of 8.13 g/kWh was obtained at input power 0.45 kW and air flow rate of 9 L/min. Therefore, be the higher ozone capacity can be produced with higher input power; however, it provided lower IP efficiency. The effect of dry air flow rate and applied voltage on ozone concentrations have been studied. At last, spiral wire copper was very corrosive done to the interaction with ozone, and it is necessary to do a research for finding the best metals as an active electrode inside of the quartz dielectric. Copyright © 2017 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 18^th July 2016; Revised: 25^th September 2016; Accepted: 5^th October 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Nur, M., Susan, A.I., Muhlisin, Z., Arianto, F., Kinandana, A.W., Nurhasanah, I., Sumariyah, S., Wibawa, P.J., Gunawan, G., Usman, A. (2017). Evaluation of Novel Integrated Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma as Ozone Generator. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 12 (1): 24-31 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.1.605.24-31)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI</strong>: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.1.605.24-31</p><p> </p>