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The publication deals with a brief overview of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and donor blood screening for HCV by using conventional Rapid, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) also. The advantages of various generation of HCV tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reduction in window period are discussed.

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Background: There is very little information available in India about the prevalence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia in patients and their susceptibility pattern. The increased use of colistin to treat infections are caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has resulted in an increase of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae in numerous countries. Materials and Methods: These isolates were collected from distinct clinical specimens and analyzed using the broth micro-dilution technique to establish their colistin minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). Result: Of 116 Klebsiella species, Klebsiella pneumonia was 96.55% while Klebsiella oxytoca was 3.45%. Among isolates, 09 (7.76%) were colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumonia by broth-micro dilution. In total, 09 case-patients were identified, 62.93% males and 37.07% females. The mean±SD of the age was 45.93±18.15. Carbapenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam and tigecycline were the most effective drug used for combine therapy to colistin resistance gram negative infections. Conclusion: This is the first study to look at the incidence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in individuals in Jaipur.  Infection caused by Klebsiella pneumonia highly resistant to many drugs.  However, various colistin-based combined strategies have indeed been proven to be effective in curing these problems. To minimise colistin use and avoid misuse, a comprehensive antibiotic stewardship policy must be implemented.

BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 has become a well-known chronic progressive Non-Communicable Epidemic on global stages. In 2014, 422 million adults (or 8.5% of the population) had diabetes (That is 1 person in 11) which has almost quadrupled compared with 108 million (4.7%) in 1980. According to Indian Census Annual Report on MCCD-2014, deaths due to DM has shown a pattern of increase to 3.1% in 2014 from 2.5% in 1999. Also, WHO Diabetes Country Profiles 2016 predicted 97,300 diabetes deaths & 285,600 deaths to high blood glucose in India. Prevalence of diabetes was 7.5%, overweight 23.9%, obesity 6.5% and physical inactivity 15.1%. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associations of prediabetic state in high risk (IDRS) group. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional, descriptive, interview based study of 300 women aged 26-60 years age in 6 public places of Gwalior City for duration of one year. A Predesigned & Pretested proforma was used to perform Interview. Results were collected using Excel and analysed with Epicalc 2000 software. Stats used were frequency distribution, percentages & Chi square test. RESULTS Of 300 participants, 50% were in high risk group with IDRS≥60 of which Age group with highest risk (100%) is 56-60 years. 135 of 183 (73.77%) had waist>90 cm, 42 of 66 (63.63%) were doing no exercise or strenuous work while 12 out of 12 (100%) had both parents with history of diabetes in high risk group for diabetes. Prevalence of prediabetic women was highest (57.14%) in 46-50 years age group, 35.55% women with waist>90 cm, 33.33% doing no exercise or strenuous work & Maximum 44.44% had both parents as diagnosed diabetics. CONCLUSION Diabetes is a multifactorial disease as observed in our studies. Despite creating so much awareness its prevalence and risks are increasing. As diabetes is a preventable disease, it should be controlled by modifying life style and diet.