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The present study was intended to determine the concentrations of phenolic compounds in surface waters of Godavari canal by molecular spectrophotometry. Samples were collected from fifteen sampling stations using grab sampling method for a period of four months (from November to February) at 10 day intervals. Total phenols in water samples were determined using molecular spectrophotometry after distillation, complexation with 4-aminoantipyrine and extraction into chloroform. The concentration of phenolic compounds was reported in the range of 80-179 mg/lit, well within the limits considering the earlier reports in the literature and the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. Relatively higher levels of phenolic compounds (100-179 mg/lit) were reported in nine out of fifteen sampling locations. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the concentrations of phenolic compounds in the month of November with respect to January (at p = 0.05) and November with respect to February (at p < 0.05).

The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality index of Keerat Sagar pond at Mahoba district of Uttar Pradesh by using physico-chemical parameters. The samples were collected throughout the year from December (2002) to November (2003), and various hydrological parameters such as temperature, turbidity, pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, chloride, dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide were analyzed from the pond. The results obtained from all these parameters indicate that all the factors were within the permissible limits and the pond is suitable for the aquatic standing crop such as fish, prawn and shrimps culture.

Evapotranspiration is an important indicator in hydrology, agriculture, and climate. The classical methods to compute the evapotranspiration incorporate climate data of temperature and precipitation. Thornthwaite and Budyko approaches, therefore called here TBA, are the most applied methods for monthly potential evapotranspiration (ET0) respective actual evapotranspiration (AET0). In this study, we have compared the differences between ET0 and AET0 carried out with TBA methods with the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop evapotranspiration (AETc) carried out with new methods of TBA applied at spatial scale (TBSS) including the land cover data. Mean monthly rainfall and mean monthly air temperature from 24 meteorological stations located in the Uttar Pradesh State from India were analyzed together with the land cover data to observe and analyse the spatial distributions and differences in evapotranspiration pattern. The study was conducted for 1951-2000 period including seasonal analysis. The results indicates that during the midseason, the ET0 reaches highest values (856.25 mm) while in the same period, the ETc indicates values about 1343.44 mm. The differences between seasonal ET0 and ETc were observed also for the initial and end seasons, with significant increases in evapotranspiration (about 200 mm). Interestingly, during the cold season, the ET0 has higher values than ETc with about 20 mm. As consequences of seasonal increases of the ETc, the annual ETc and AETc indicate higher values than annual ET0 and AET0. These aspects may imply the reduction of runoff and water availability in the study area. Moreover, these findings highlight the importance of land cover pattern in the calculation of evapotranspiration and water balance. The results are illustrates that the applied methodology including the land cover data is more reliable for regional scale and water management investigation rather than the classic methods.

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