Pavement distresses (damages) are important information for evaluating the road condition and conducting the necessary road maintenance activities. Conventional human visual pavement distress detection method is time consuming, very expensive, labour-intensive and dangerous due to exposure to traffic. Numbers of methods have been introduced for road damage detection in the context of fine structure extraction. Due to the unceasing traffic increase, the automation of pavement surface distress monitoring is more and more required. Several techniques are developed for this purpose. But all those approaches access the road condition based on cracks on roads. Due to the various climatic factors, Indian roads suffer from some other types of distresses like potholes also. The goal of this paper is to introduce a novel technique to determine the road condition based on the cracks and potholes on road surfaces. Thus a fully integrated system is proposed for the automatic detection and characterization of distresses in road and flexible pavement surfaces and to detect its severity. The main tasks involved are Collection of images, Distress Detection and Classification using Supervised training approach, Assignment of crack's severity levels to analyze the road performance.

Lung cancer becomes very common in our environment. Many computer-aided detection (CADe) schemes are available to detect lung nodules. So as to detect nodules in cost effective way, system uses chest radiographs (CXRs). Major challenge in those systems are the anatomical structures (ribs and clavicles) in the CXRs. These structures will conceal the nodules behind it. In order to overcome this problem virtual dual energy (VDE) technique has been implemented, which produces ribs and clavicle suppressed CXR image. After detecting the nodules, analysis of different types of nodules will assist the radiologist to improve the diagnosis accuracy, sensitivity and further treatment procedures. Currently the CADe scheme combine with VDE technique is having 85% sensitivity with 5 FPs/image.

Feature selection from DNA microarray data is one of the most important procedures in bioinformatics. The huge dimensionality of the DNA microarray data becomes a problem when it is used for cancer classification. This problem can be alleviated by employing feature selection as a preprocessing step in classification.This paper reviews some of the major feature selection techniques employed in microarray data and points out the merits and demerits of various approaches.

Introduction: Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) is a significant human pathogen, involved in both hospital and community associated settings. MSSA, being more susceptible to antibiotics compared to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), is found to acquire Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and with the presence of virulence factors can pose difficulty in patient treatment. Aim: To study the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of MSSA from community and hospital associated infections. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, India from January 2015 to February 2017. Three hundred and five Staphylococcus aureuswere isolated from various clinical specimens and tested for methicillin susceptibility using cefoxitin disc. Antibiotic resistance profiles against 23 antibiotics were determined by disc diffusion method. The difference was compared for antibiotic sensitivity with respect to Community Associated Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MSSA) and Hospital Associated Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MSSA) and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 305 MSSA isolated, 219 (71.8%) were CA-MSSA and 86 (28.2%) were HA-MSSA. S. aureus was isolated mostly from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTI, 61.3%). Resistance was observed against ciprofloxacin (64.6%), erythromycin (43.9%), ofloxacin (42.3%), clindamycin (20.7%), ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (90.5%). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the resistance of CA-MSSA and HA-MSSA against cefotaxime and co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: The present study showed the increasing prevalence of MSSA in the community and hospital settings with the emergence of MDR which has to be dealt immediately with appropriate control measures.