ENCODE 3 (2012-2017) expanded production and added new types of assays 8 (Fig. 1, Extended Data Fig. 1), which revealed landscapes of RNA binding and the 3D organization of chromatin via methods such as chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tagging (ChIA-PET) and Hi-C chromosome conformation capture. Phases 2 and 3 delivered 9,239 experiments (7,495 in human and 1,744 in mouse) in more than 500 cell types and tissues, including mapping of transcribed regions and transcript isoforms, regions of transcripts recognized by RNA-binding proteins, transcription factor binding regions, and regions that harbour specific histone modifications, open chromatin, and 3D chromatin interactions. The results of all of these experiments are available at the ENCODE portal (http://www.encodeproject.org). These efforts, combined with those of related projects and many other laboratories, have produced a greatly enhanced view of the human genome (Fig. 2), identifying 20,225 protein-coding and 37,595 noncoding genes

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Background: During an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population of metropolitan Atlanta, education of homeless service providers (HSPs) about the implementation of local infection control measures was imperative to limiting the spread of TB and to preventing future outbreaks.Methods: By use of educational sessions and teaching posters, two interventions were designed to focus educational efforts from November 2014 to August 2015: 1) a spatially-targeted approach that identified HSPs within an area of Fulton County, GA (which includes downtown Atlanta) with high TB case density (cases per square mile) from 2009 -2014, and 2) an organizational meeting approach that included scheduled meetings of professionals who had regular contact with homeless individuals at risk of TB infection. Results:Of the 18 HSPs targeted in the identified high-TB density area, 9 engaged in educational activities, and 9 were closed at time of contact or unreachable by email or phone. Through organizational meetings, 36 additional facilities were reached. Conclusions:The HSPs with successful contact were amenable to educational efforts, and a combination of spatially targeted and organizational meeting approaches with teaching aids was feasible in developing sustainable TB educational programs in the homeless community.

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Maternal mortality and morbidity continue to occur at unacceptably high levels in the United States, with communities of color experiencing significantly higher rates than their White counterparts, even after adjustment for confounding factors such as socioeconomic status. Many obstetrics and gynecology departments across the country have begun to incorporate routine discussion and analysis of health equity into peer review and educational processes, including grand rounds and morbidity and mortality conferences. Despite the desire and drive, there is little published guidance on best practices for incorporation of an equity component into these conferences. This document outlines the current processes at four academic institutions to highlight the variety of ways in which health equity and social justice can be incorporated when analyzing patient experiences and health outcomes. This commentary also provides a list of specific recommendations based on the combined experiences at these institutions so that others across the country can incorporate principles of health equity into their peer-review processes.