The research activity regarding infectious diseases has been increased significantly in the past few years in India. The main cause of infectious disease is pathogenic microorganisms and the infection can spread from direct or indirect contact between individuals. Once the infection spread throughout the country or world, is classified as an epidemic or pandemic. India is not unfamiliar with pandemic and epidemics, as they occur throughout history. This review paper highlights the major epidemics and pandemic occur in India. More than 90 national and global papers were reviewed. The research papers were chosen from PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, research gate, and organization like WHO. This paper dealt with the impact of pandemic and epidemic on India’s economy, health sector and social power. The study concluded that there were around 10 epidemics and pandemics occur in India from the 18th century to the 21st century. The major impact on the social life and health sector has mainly affected in COVID-19, chikungunya, Plague in India.Meningococcal disease and dengue had a negative impact on health sector.Nipah Virus, plague, and COVID-19 had more impact on tourism. Whereas, economy was majorly affected in Plague, and COVID-19.

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Background: COVID-19 lockdown's impact on physical and mental health includes increased prevalence of alexithymia (difficulty recognizing emotions) among university students. Alexithymia is strongly correlated with eating disorders and disrupted eating behaviors. Understanding these associations is crucial for assessing the well-being of students during lockdown. Aims: The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of alexithymia and eating disorders in relation to sleep disturbance during this lockdown phase amongst university students. Settings and Design: This study employed an online cross-sectional design to collect data from participants. The study included adolescents of either gender, aged between 20 and 27 years, who were enrolled in the faculty of Allied Health Sciences at Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies. Methods and Material: The study comprised 419 university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, eating disorders with the Eating Aptitude Test-26, and sleep patterns with a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Scale. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics, including Mean±SD for continuous variables and frequency/percentages for categorical data, were calculated. Statistical analysis involved Student t-test and chi-square. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha. Results: This study involved 77.8% (n=326) female students as compared to 22.2%(n=93) male students. The prevalence of alexithymia was found to be considerably higher(30.5%) in the present study, with female students more affected than males. An eating disorder was found to be only 16.7%, and the majority of students (65.4%) had BMI in the range of normal weight. Further, the students reported the absence of sleep apnea with 41% of students having a sleep duration of 6-7 hours and 32% more than 7 hours. Only 19% of students reported poor sleep quality. Trouble sleeping during the initial 30 minutes prior to lying down, waking up in the middle of the night, and waking up to use the bathroom were the main factors causing sleep disturbances. Conclusions: This study reported a high alexithymia prevalence since there were under house arrest and going through psychological stress during lockdown phase of COVID-19 pandemic. Eating disorders was not prevalent because the students ate healthy balanced diets at home rather than junk food. Sleep patterns were also significantly improved and did not show any relation to the increased prevalence of alexithymia.

Background: Kho-Kho is unique from any other game where in the players are arranged in random manner chasing the opponent and need to be very quick. However, Kho-Kho is a team game, but still individual ability shows a vital role in the victory of game. Cultivating and maintaining the physical fitness is becoming one of the most important aims for any sports training. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of intensive short-term functional strength training on functional movement, balance, and agility amongst the National Kho-Kho players.Method: Sixty National Kho-Kho players (35 males and 25 females) were recruited for the Kho-Kho camp who were included in the study. Two weeks training session based on strength and balance was given to the players and following this post data was obtained for functional movement, balance and agility before and after the training respectively. Result: There were significant improvement in FMS composite scores after 2 weeks of intervention (p=<0.001) both in male and female Kho-Kho players. After 2 week of intervention there were significant improvement was observed in Balance [Static with open eye (p=0.043), with close eye (p=<0.001 and Dynamic for both feet (p=<0.001), for single foot comparison (p=0.032)], as well as significant changes was observed in agility [SEMO (p=<0.001). 40m run (p=0.808), Illinois test (p=<0.001)]. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that short duration Functional Strength Training gives the effect on Functional movement screening, Balance and Agility of national KHO-KHO players. This can help to maintain body strength as well as proprioception. Early detection in lack of Functional movement, balance and Agility can reduce the risk of injury. As short duration, functional strength training helps to develop the mobility, balance, stability and strength of individual, which in turn can help the Kho-Kho players for the improved performance.