ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, etiology and type of mandibular fractures in subjects referred to our institution.MethodsA retrospective study of 689 subjects, during the period from May 2010 to September 2013 with mandibular fractures was conducted. Information on age, gender, mechanism of injury and sites of trauma was obtained from the trauma registry. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically.ResultsA total of 653 subjects had mandibular fractures, out of which 574 were males. The mean age of the participants was 31.54 ± 13.07. The majority of the subjects were between 21-40 years of age, in both males (61.7%) and females (54.4%). The major cause of fractures was road traffic accidents (87.4%) followed by fall (6.9%) and assault (4%), with the least frequent being gunshot injuries (0.3%). Almost half of the patients had parasymphysis fractures (50.2%), followed by angle (24.3%), condyle (20.4%), ramus (2.3%) and coronoid (2%). A total of 115 patients had bilateral fractures out of which 29 had parasymphysis, 12 had body fractures and 74 had bilateral condylar fractures. Double mandibular fractures were reported in 193 subjects; out of which 151 subjects had double contralateral and 42 had double unilateral fractures. Triple unilateral fracture was reported in only one subject. A total of 338 subjects had multiple fractures among the study population.ConclusionsMandibular fractures can be complicated and demanding, and have a compelling impact on patients’ quality of life. Our study reported that parasymphysis was the most common region involved in mandible fractures.

Although Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a benign tumor of the jaw and aneurysmal bone cyst seen in children, its aggressive behavior causes extensive loss of hard tissue requiring wide excision and extensive rehabilitation. We report a rare case of concomitant CGCG and aneurysmal bone cyst in a two-year-old male child, involving the coronoid and condylar process. Young age, large tumor, its aggressive nature, and future growth of orofacial region pose a significant challenge in the management of such conditions. For a successful outcome, the systematic approach to the presurgical evaluation and appropriate treatment planning is essential for such conditions.

sequelae and improves patient comfort. Dexamethasone 4 mg given intravenously is an effective way of minimizing swelling and trismus after removal of impacted lower third molars. Submucosal hydrocortisone is effective in preventing excess swelling but its role against trismus and pain are questionable. Both modalities offer simple, safe, painless, noninvasive, and cost-effective treatment means to counteract postoperative discomfort.Keywords: Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Impacted mandibular third molars.How to cite this article: Raakesh N, Ravi V, Ushass P, Painatt JM, Kumar VM, Sasikumar P, Subhash AK, Navya P. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None INTRODUCTIONSurgical removal of third molars accounts for a large volume of cases in contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgical practice. It requires meticulous planning and application of surgical skills during both diagnosis and postoperative management. 1Odontectomy of mandibular third molar is generally followed by pain, trismus, and swelling. Pain is subjective and can be influenced by different factors such as age, sex, anxiety, and surgical difficulty. Pain usually begins within 3 hours after surgery and ranges in intensity from moderate to severe. This procedure can also result in significant edema and inflammation in the operative field. Corticosteroids have numerous effects on body function. The normal rate of production of hydrocortisone is 15 to 30 mg/day and it increases up to 300 mg during stress. For inflammation to be suppressed, exogenous hydrocortisone must be administered in doses exceeding the normal physiological amounts of hydrocortisone released. Several researchers have found that hydrocortisone prevents inflammation following oral surgery. Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid with much greater anti-inflammatory effect. The potency of dexamethasone is about 30 times that of natural corticosteroid.3 Postoperative swelling and edema are due to the conversion of phospholipids into arachidonic acid by ABSTRACTIntroduction: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar is a common procedure in routine maxillofacial practice. This procedure is generally followed by pain, trismus, and swelling. Various methods have been attempted to reduce these unfavorable postoperative sequelae and to improve patient comfort in postoperative period. Use of steroids is one of the commonly followed practices. In our study, we compare the efficiency of steroids given preoperatively in reducing postoperative sequelae, when given in equivalent steroid doses.

Vascular anomalies are mainly classified under two headings, i.e. under vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Hemangioma and lymphangioma are examples for such a vascular anomalies. Malformations may be seen in different combinations of vascular elements, and histologically these vessels may be filled with blood and named lymphangiohemangioma or hemangiolymphangioma according to the dominant tissue structure present. It is a rare developmental anomaly. This paper reports a case of lymphangiohemangioma in a 21-year-old female patient.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a relatively uncommon, benign (hamartomatous), noninvasive neoplasm of odontogenic origin with slow but progressive growth. It affects young individuals with a female predominance, mainly occurring in the second decade of life and has a striking tendency to occur in the anterior maxilla. Herewith, we present a rare case report of an unusual case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor located in the mandibular anterior left region.