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Background: Emergency contraception (EC) is the contraception used to prevent pregnancy after unintended or unprotected sexual intercourse. EC can be used after contraceptive failure or misuse (as in slippage or breakage of condoms, forgotten pills). It is used before the time of implantation and prevents pregnancy in 75-99% of the cases. EC is available as pills or IUCD.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving final year medical students was conducted at SSIMS and RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. A 32-point questionnaire encompassing the socio-demographic details, knowledge and attitude towards EC was answered by a total 146 participants. The data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and the descriptive statistics were analysed using Epi-info softwareResults: Majority of the participants had heard about EC and also knew the trade name under which it is available. The main indication for EC usage was thought to be unprotected sex by 76% participants. Nearly 90% participants knew that EC does not protect against STDs. 85% participants thought that failures can happen despite EC usage. On assessing the attitude, majority disagreed to the notion that EC usage promotes promiscuity and using EC is a sinful act.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude regarding EC and its usage was fairly good among the medical students in our study. The inclusion of EC in medical curriculum has added to their knowledge. Being the responsible future physicians, their knowledge with regard to EC is deemed important. Similarly, an awareness regarding EC should be spread across the general public to prevent the unwanted pregnancies and its consequences.

Background: The treatment of ectopic pregnancy in conservative manner in order to preserve the subsequent fertility is important. Methotrexate can be effectively used in termination of ectopic pregnancy. This study compares the single dose versus double dose approach for the conservative management of pregnancy. Material and Methods:  A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. About 70 women with ectopic pregnancy were administered with single or double dose of methotrexate were followed up. The second dose of MTX was administered when there was no 15% decrease in β-hCG levels between day 4 and 7. The data thus obtained was compiled and analysed. Results: The mean age was comparable in single and double dose groups. The mean gestational age in single dose group was 7.1 weeks and double dose group was 7.48 weeks. The termination of ectopic pregnancy was successful in 80.8% of the single and 33.3% of the two dose groups. The mean EP diameter in single dose group was 24.03 and double dose group was 33.7 mms. The length of stay was significantly lower in double dose groups. Conclusion: The single dose protocol of methotrexate was superior when compared with the double dose protocol.

This case presenting a 30-year-old lady, a case of G4A1E2 who presented with history of 1 month of amenorrhoea, followed by bleeding per vaginum 1 week back for 3 days. Presented to hospital with spotting PV and pain abdomen for 2 days. UPT done at home was positive. USG revealed right ovarian complex haemorrhagic cyst and left adnexal ectopic pregnancy near left ovarian fimbriae. Conservative management by Methotrexate and Folinic acid regimen was tried but as there were no signs of resolution on serial ultrasonography reports and serial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels did not fall as expected, hence decision of laparoscopy/laparotomy was made and salpingectomy was done. Later patient was followed up with serial hCG levels.

Introduction: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is an abnormal bleeding in absence of clinical or ultrasonographic evidence of structural abnormalities, inflammation or pregnancy. DUB accounts for 10% of the gynaecology related complaints. Thyroid dysfunction is one of the common causes of excessive menstrual blood loss and menstrual irregularities. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with a variety of changes in reproductive function including delayed onset of puberty, and anovulatory cycles and abnormal high fetal wastage Aims and Objectives: To estimate serum fT3, fT4, TSH levels in women with DUB and to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Material and Method: After approval from the institutional ethical committee and a written informed consent from the patients during the study period of 1 year in patients fulfilling inclusion criteria,100 women (with a minimum of 30 in each group) in child bearing age group (20-40 years) were selected. Their serum fT3, fT4 and TSH values were done at the time of presentation and treatment was given as per condition (hypothyroid or hyperthyroid). Then follow up was done after 3 months and 6 months interval and results were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Result: Among 100 subjects with menstrual complaints, 62% subjects were euthyroid & 38% subjects were hypothyroid. The incidence of menorrhagia (40%) followed by polymenorrhagia (30%) and metrorrhagia (30%) each. 60% of the subjects with polymenorrhoea had TSH level more than 4.25 uIU/ml whereas in menorrhagia and metrorrhagia 33.3% subjects had hypothyroidism. In menorrhagia improvement was seen in 80% subjects on administration of tablet Eltroxin. Conclusion:As menstrual disturbances may accompany alterations in thyroid function so screening for thyroid dysfunction should be made an integral part of investigations and treatment of DUB as thyroid hormone plays an important role in menstrual and reproductive function of women.