I 5 3 Obtained from distillation of bitumens: This includes petroleum pitch, either "straight" or "cut back." 4 Obtained from the "oxidation" of bitumens: This includes "blown" petroleum pitches. 5 Obtained from the "sulfurization" of bitumens: This includes the so-called "Dubb's asphalt," obtained by heating petroleum residues with sulfur. 6 Variable Origin: I t may be of animal, vegetable or mineral origin and includes both natural and artificial products. 7 Hydrocarbon Complex: Often contains oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur derivatives of the hydrocarbons. This excludes vegetable resins, vegetable and animal waxes, etc. Associated with a mineral matrix: This may be calcareous, siliceous, earthy, etc., which is usually present as an impurity. Solutions in essential oils: The essential oils consisting of terpenes. IO Variable Compositions: KO exact chemical composition. Usually mixtures of closely related substances, composed of the elements carbon and hydrogen, together with varying amounts of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. May contain hydrocarbons, fats, fatty acids, resin acids, waxes, etc., etc., or mixtures of these. 11 Insoluble in water: This excludes gum resins, carbohydrates, etc. 12 Partly soluble in water: The carbohydrates ("gums") are the soluble constituents. l 3 Soluble in carbon disulfide, benzol, etc.: This does not take into consideration the mineral constituents present and excludes the pyro bitumens. 14 Relatively insoluble in carbon disulfide, benzol, etc.: This likewise does not take into consideration the mineral constituents present and excludes the bitumens proper, tars, and most pitches. This excludes gaseous and solid bitumens. ' 5 Viscous: 16 Viscous to semi-solid: 1: Viscous t o solid: This is governed by the amount of essential oil present. Some occur as sticky masses, others as hard and brittle solids at ordinary temperatures. Plasticity is an inherent or an acquired property. Some are plastic at ordinary temperatures, others become plastic, under the influence of heat or when combined with suitable fluxes. This excludes the gaseous and liquid bitumens, tars and oleo resins. 1' Viscous to solid Bitumens and Pyro Bitumens: This includes the hard and relatively insoluble wood-tar pitches, etc. Semi-solid to solid: Usually contains small amounts of essential oils, which govern the consistency. This excludes gaseous, liquid and viscous substances. 2" Solid: 2' Variable Hardness: 22 Light Colored in Mass: 23 Dark Colored in Mass: Csually black. This excludes paraffin (ceresine), and vegetable resins. variable Color in Mass: Color ranges from pure white (paraffin wax), to very dark, almost black (ozokerite and montan wax).

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The extraction of potash from native rocks has long been considered one of the most important as well as one of. the most difficult problems of industrial chemistry. In spite of the enormous resources of the .North American continent, there has not yet been found anywhere on it an available source of potash, thus necessitating the importation from abroad of many hundreds of millions of pounds per annum of the salts and compounds of this important substance. One result of this lack of a native source of supply has been to stimulate the use in agriculture of hard wood ashes, which are even at the present time brought from Canada in considerable quantities to the added devastation of the fast disappearing forests. In addition to this, cotton hull ashes from the South are shipped to the North, which merely robs the soil of one portion of the country to supply the deficit in another. The pegmatitic granites and feldspathic dykes of the eastern and central western United States offer an unlimited source of supply which only awaits an economical method for making it available. Many of these feldspar deposits run as high as 10 per cent, in potash (K20) and it follows, therefore, that a quarry only fifty feet square and fifty in depth contains about 2,000,000 pounds of this alkali.Under the stimulus of the rapidly growing cement industry, great advance has been made in the last few years in the art and economics of fine grinding, which must of necessity be the first step in any process which attempts the extraction of potash from feldspar or other minerals. At the present time, in the manufacture of Portland cements, at least two extremely fine grindings as well as a burning at a high temperature are accomplished so economically that the finished product can be packed in bags or barrels and sold in some places for a price equal to about threetenths of a cent per pound or about six dollars per ton. In view of the fact that a short ton of 10 per cent, feldspar contains about ten dollars' worth of potash at prevailing prices the problem of extraction is not on first thought an unpromising one from an economical standpoint.There are about twenty well defined rock-forming minerals as com-1 Paper read before the N. Y. Section, Am. Chem. Soc., Feb. 7, 1907. Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.Potash-bearing Silicates Arranged According to Dana. ORTHOSILICATES.Kaliophilite: Silicate of alumina and potash. K20, 27,20-29.30 per cent.Microsommite: Sulpho-silicate of alumina, lime, soda, and potash. K20,6.25-7.82 per cent.Nephelite: Silicate of alumina, soda, and potash. K20, 4.55-7.14 per cent.Hauynite: Sulpho-silicate of alumina, lime, and soda (potash). K20, 0.33-4.96 per cent.Algerite: Silicate of alumina, magnesia, and potash, and water with some CaC03. K20, 9.97 per cent. metasilicates.Leuciie: Silicate of alumina and potash. K20, 18.90-21.48 per cent. POLYSILICATES.Orthoclase: Silicate of alumina and potash. K20, 5.40-15.99 per cent. Constitutes at least 15 per cent, of the earth's crust and occurs in...

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