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Background Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. Uncaria gambir is an Indonesian herbal plant that can be used as an anti-cancer. However, herbal medicines have low bioavailability, which affects their bioactivity. Nanoencapsulation can increase bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds in herbal medicines. Purpose This recent finding tried to unravel anti-cancer and chemopreventive of U. gambir nano-encapsulated by Na-alginate. Study Design U. gambir bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized using UV–Vis spectrometer, FTIR, NMR and HR-MS. U. gambir extract was nanoencapsulated using Na-alginate. Anti-cancer effect was assessed by MTT assay towards T47D cell. Meanwhile, a chemopreventive analysis was carried out in breast cancer mice-induced benzo[α]pyrene. The healthy mice were divided into 8 groups comprising control and treatment. Results Elucidation of U. gambir ethyl acetate extract confirmed high catechin content, 89.34% (w/w). Successful nanoencapsulation of U. gambir ( G-NPs ) was indicated. The particle size of G-NPs was 78.40 ± 12.25 nm. Loading efficiency (LE) and loading amount (LA) of G-NPs were 97.56 ± 0.04% and 32.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. G-NPs had an EC 50 value of 10.39 ± 3.50 µg/mL, which was more toxic than the EC 50 value of extract towards the T47D cell line. Administration of 200 mg/kg BW G-NPs to mice induced by benzo[α]pyrene exhibited SOD and GSH levels of 13.69 ng/mL and 455.6 ng/mL. In addition, the lowest TNF-α level was 27.96 ng/mL. A dose of 100 mg/kg BW G-NPs could best increase CAT levels by 7.18 ng/mL. There was no damage or histological abnormalities found in histological analysis of the breast tissue in the group given 200 mg/kg BW G-NPs .

Tumor and its microenvironment can interact each other. Macrophage is part of tumor microenvironment. New drugs targeting specific superficial receptor of macrophage or cytokine of macrophage polarization have been found. Therefore, macrophage phenotype and its ratio of M1/M2 macrophage need to be identified. This identification could lead us to prognose breast cancer and monitor its therapy. Analytical observational study with cross sectional approach, conducted on paraffin block sample of breast carcinoma from Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. The samples divided into four groups based on nodal metastasis staging (N0, N1, N2, and N3) and stained with antibody against CD68 and CD163. The ratio of  CD68 and CD163 were analyzed with Anova test. There were difference expression of CD68 as M1 macrophage marker in various axillary node metastasis groups (p=0.015). There were difference ratio of CD68 as M1 macrophage marker and CD163 as M2 macrophage marker in various axillary node metastasis groups (p=0.005). There were difference ratio of macrophage M1 and macrophage M2 between N0 and N3 group, N2 and N3 group also.

Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Plasmodium, which remains a world health problem with an estimated 219 million cases worldwide. In severe malaria infection, several organs of the body can be affected, including the kidneys. One of the pathophysiology associated with the worsening of this disease is oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants is expected to prevent this, and one product that has a high antioxidant content is virgin coconut oil (VCO). This study aimed to analyze the effect of VCO on the kidney in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. This study was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design using 35 BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei ANKA, weighing 20-30 grams. VCO with the Javara® brand is used with doses of 1, 5, and 10 ml/kg body weight (kgBW)/ day. The parameter assessed were levels of BUN, creatinine, and renal histopathological changes. The administration of VCO on the treated group shows minimal tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis compared to the negative control group. The BUN and creatinine levels in the treated group were also lower than the negative control group. The results showed that VCO has a nephroprotective effect against P. berghei ANKA infection in mice.Keywords: malaria, kidney, virgin coconut oil

Introduction: Pulmonary cystic hamartoma is a rare benign cystic mass of the lung with clinical symptoms and radiological features that are not typical. Case presentation: A 43-year-old Indonesian female complained of chest and right shoulder pain, especially in the right clavicle. The patient underwent a chest X-ray and computed tomography scan thorax contrast, resulting in an anterior mediastinal tumor. The patient underwent wedge resection, and anatomical pathology showed pulmonary cystic hamartoma. The patient experienced postsurgery improvement. Discussion: Pulmonary cystic hamartoma does not have typical signs and symptoms. Pulmonary hamartoma diagnosis cannot be confirmed until a pathology anatomy examination is performed. Wedge resection is the first choice to treat pulmonary cystic hamartoma. Conclusion: Pulmonary cystic hamartoma is diagnosed with examination from pathology anatomy.