Objective: To investigate the impact of pharmaceutical care-based interventions on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: PubMed ® , Cochrane and Web of Science data bases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials. Studies evaluating pharmaceutical care-based interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus published between 2012 and 2017 were included. Glycated hemoglobin was defined as the primary endpoint; blood pressure, triglycerides and cholesterol as secondary endpoints. The random effects model was used in metaanalysis. Results: Fifteen trials involving 2,325 participants were included. Meta-analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity (I 2 >97%; p<0.001), reduction in glycated hemoglobin (-1.
O processo de envelhecimento está frequentemente associado à presença de múltiplas comorbidades e, consequentemente, à polifarmácia. Além disso, indivíduos idosos normalmente apresentam condições que demandam atenção especial nos cuidados à saúde, como comprometimento cognitivo, alterações fisiológicas e necessidade de suporte social, o que pode comprometer a autonomia destes indivíduos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos pacientes idosos acompanhados em um hospital de grande porte, localizado no município de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, quais as atividades clínico-assistenciais desenvolvidas no cuidado farmacêutico e pontos a serem melhorados. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com coleta de dados em sistemas informatizados institucionais, de forma retrospectiva, no período de junho de 2018 a julho de 2021. Foram consideradas as variáveis sociodemográficas e assistenciais relacionadas ao acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, onde a média de idade da população do estudo foi de 79 ±7 anos, baixa escolaridade e prevalência do gênero feminino. Foram observadas em média 5 ±2,5 comorbidades por paciente, o uso de 13 ±3,4 medicamentos e tempo de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico médio de 12 ±10,8 meses, com predominância de 10 meses, período em que se desenvolveram diversas estratégias para a melhora da adesão ao tratamento. Este estudo possibilitou identificar que os principais pontos de intervenção farmacêutica foram relacionados à adesão ao tratamento, o baixo grau de entendimento sobre a farmacoterapia, duplicidade de prescrições, armazenamento inadequado de medicamentos, entre outros, para os quais foram desenvolvidas estratégias visando a resolução destes problemas, com destaque para ações de educação em saúde, elaboração de tabela de orientação e solicitação de automonitoramento residencial glicêmico e pressórico. Ademais, as limitações encontradas devido à falta de registros das intervenções com a equipe médica e informações sobre perda de seguimento, indicam a oportunidade de melhoria dos registros farmacêuticos.
Serviços clínicos providos por farmacêuticos são atividades cujo objetivo é otimizar o uso de medicamentos, de modo a garantir sua efetividade e segurança. A oferta destes serviços pode acontecer em diversos cenários de maneira presencial ou remota. A pandemia de Covid-19 expandiu a experiência de utilização da telefarmácia para continuidade da atenção a pacientes com doenças crônicas. Nesse sentido, esta revisão de escopo analisa perspectivas para provisão de serviços clínicos por farmacêuticos, por via remota, no cuidado de pessoas com infecções crônicas transmissíveis. Métodos: As buscas foram realizadas em outubro de 2021, em sete fontes de literatura, utilizando-se uma combinação de palavras-chave estruturadas a partir do acrônimo PCC, ou seja, População (pessoas com doenças crônicas transmissíveis, especialmente hepatite B), Conceito (telemedicina ou telefarmácia), Contexto (serviços clínicos providos por farmacêuticos, em ambulatórios, domicílios ou farmácias comunitárias). Resultados: De 428 registros identificados nas buscas, foram selecionados 6 estudos de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade, com exemplos de diversos serviços clínicos e avaliação de desfechos como satisfação dos pacientes, adesão ao tratamento, resultados clínicos e econômicos. Conclusão: As iniciativas de telefarmácia podem ser altamente satisfatórias, do ponto de vista de profissionais e usuários, apresentando vantagens e algumas limitações. No entanto, foram identificados poucos estudos em que o farmacêutico atua no acompanhamento de pessoas portadoras de doenças crônicas transmissíveis. Desta forma, é importante a condução de estudos de implementação e estudos metodologicamente mais robustos que avaliem a efetividade e o impacto do uso da telefarmácia nos sistemas de saúde.
Objective: To describe the experience with the use of long-term anticholinergic therapy available in the public service. Method: A cross-sectional study with data collected in the real world. The sample consisted of SUS users who received inhaled LAMAs for the treatment of COPD between November 2019 and November 2020. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of COPD, being in clinical follow-up by the COPD health team, having record of anticholinergics dispensing by the pharmacy during the study period, having been using LAMA (tiotropium, glycopyrronium and umeclidenium) for at least 3 months. Patients with absence or insufficiency of data and without medical appointments for more than a year and a half from the final period of the study were excluded. Sociodemographic analysis, clinical assessment of patients and quality of life questionnaires were performed. Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation and analyzed by t Student, and categorical variables were expressed as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency and analyzed by chi-square or Fisher, with confidence level <0.05. For direct costs, the analysis were performed in a simplified way, using the service’s anticholinergics dispensing and stock data. Results: The study included 197 patients, 177 using anticholinergic tiotropium and 20 using glycopyrronium or umeclidenum. There was no significant difference when analyzing the groups regarding age (p=0.814), sex (p=0.780) and comorbidities (p >0.05). It was found that patients had polypharmacy (83.8%) and 74.1% of patients used 3 or more types of devices. We found in the population a predominance of patients classified as GOLD 3 and profile B, being represented by 45.2% (n = 89) and 66.5% (n = 131), respectively, showing a more severe population. In relation to the specific questionnaires, in both groups, we noticed an increase in the CAT value and a tendency towards a worsening in the mMRC. For the direct costs with the treatment, an annual expense of U$ 124.474,35 was estimated. Based on a drug dispensing strategy, we were able to predict savings of U$ 13.915,77/year for this treatment. Conclusions: Patients with severe COPD tend to use more inhalation devices. The availability of pharmacotherapeutic alternatives by the public service can contribute to the individualization of anticholinergic treatments and enable a more adequate assessment of therapy according to the patient’s clinical profile, linked to possible economic strategies related to individualized treatment.
OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis B is an important public health concern. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for health systems, and the access to pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment of chronic diseases, such as hepatitis B, may have been affected due to the contingency measures. This study aimed to evaluate the access to antiviral therapy during the ongoing pandemic. METHODS: This was a descriptive analysis of the access to treatment for chronic hepatitis B at a tertiary-level university hospital in São Paulo, integrated with the Brazilian health system. The study was conducted from April to December 2020. RESULTS: Access to antiviral therapy for 225 patients was assessed. The majority of the population was male (59%). The main type of service was the Programa Medicamento em Casa (Home Medication Delivery Program), which was availed by 144 (64%) patients. Women had poorer access to antiviral therapy (56%, p<0.05), and patients registered in the HMDP (68%, p<0.05) had better access. The age group of >48 years represented 70% of the group without access to antiviral therapy. Twenty-two pharmaceutical appointments were conducted through phone calls with patients without access to antiviral therapy. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the rationalization of efforts in a public health crisis through the identification of groups with the highest risk of poor access to antiviral therapy and the demonstration of the benefits of a medication delivery system.
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