Myofibroblasts are an important component of the stroma of oral SCCs, although they are not present in all tumors. Abundant presence of myofibroblasts may be associated with local disease recurrence and decreased patient survival. However, given the relatively limited number of studies on the subject, further research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which myofibroblasts influence the biological behavior of oral SCC.
The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations M1 and M2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (SCCLL) by immunohistochemitry, and to evaluate the possible role of these subtypes in the development of regional lymph node metastasis and their association with clinical and pathological parameters. Forty-two cases of SCCLL were divided into two groups (21 with and 21 without regional lymph node metastasis). The histopathological grade of malignancy was determined and the material was submitted to double staining with anti-CD68/anti-CD163 and anti-CD68/anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. The results were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Spearman correlation tests. The M1 and M2 subpopulations were observed in all cases studied. No significant difference was observed between the quantities of M1 and M2 TAMs regarding tumor size (p > 0.05). A significantly larger number of M2 compared to M1 TAMs was observed in tumors without regional lymph node metastasis, tumors in early stages, and low-grade tumors (p < 0.05). No significant difference between the numbers of M1 and M2 TAMs was observed in tumors with regional lymph node metastasis, tumors in advanced stages, and high-grade tumors (p > 0.05). There was a positive weak correlation between M1 and M2 TAMs (r = 0.361; p = 0.019). The results suggest a more important role of M2 TAMs in early stages than advanced stages of lip carcinogenesis. The progression of SCCLL does not seem to be related to an imbalance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment of these tumors.
A comprehensive diagnosis including all clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features is necessary for the success of therapy, which varies from case to case, thus, improving the quality of life of patients with AFO.
Objetivo: Analisar, entre os acadêmicos de odontologia de duas universidades públicas da Paraíba, a visão que os mesmos tinham a respeito da prescrição de medicamentos, assim como verificar se os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação são suficientes para o desempenho de uma correta e seguraprescrição medicamentosa. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi definida por conveniência, correspondendo a 132 alunos matriculados na Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) e Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), que já tivessem cursado a disciplina de farmacologia/terapêutica. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário, abordando questões objetivas e subjetivas. Para análise das informações obtidas foi elaborado um banco de dados no programa Excel e realizada estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os acadêmicos sentem necessidade de diversas informações a respeito de conhecimentos farmacológicos; a principal fonte de informação usada e que usará para a prescrição, foram os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação e os livros didáticos; 58,3% e 85,4% dos alunos da UFPB e UEPB, respectivamente, consideraram insuficientes os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação para se tornarem prescritor. Conclusão: Verificou-se que osacadêmicos de odontologia da UFPB e UEPB não se sentem seguros para desempenhar a prescrição. Os dados apontam para necessidade de aprimoramento dos conteúdos acadêmicos e formas de abordagem, commudanças nas metodologias de ensino.Descritores: Prescrições de medicamentos. Estudantes de Odontologia. Farmacologia clínica.
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